مقایسه برخی روابط تجربی برآورد تبخیر- تعرق مرجع برای دشت تبریز با استفاده از لایسیمتر و ارائه مدلی برای تعیین آن از روی داده‌های هواشناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

تبخیر- تعرق گیاهان درکل به دو روش اندازه­گیری مستقیم و یا برآورد غیرمستقیم از روی داده­های هواشناسی تعیین می­شود. تعیین مستقیم تبخیر-تعرق گیاهان پرهزینه و وقت‌گیر است، لذا روش‌هائی تعیین شده‌اند که بتوان با استفاده از آنها نیاز آبی محصولات را با دقت قابل قبولی تعیین نمود. در این مطالعه تبخیر- تعرق مرجع توسط فرمول بیلان آبی خاک با استفاده از لایسیمتر برای دوره‌های 10 روزه و ماهانه در دشت تبریز تعیین گردیده و با نتایج به­دست آمده از برخی روابط تجربی مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار تبخیر- تعرق مرجع (ETo) سالانه در طول 9 ماه به­طور متوسط برابر 9/1226 میلی‌متر می‌باشد. در این مدت متوسط تبخیر از تشت کلاس A (Ep)، برابر 3/1947 میلی‌متر بود. مقایسه تبخیر- تعرق اندازه‌گیری شده توسط لایسیمتر با آنچه توسط روابط مختلف تجربی بدست آمده نشان داد که روش تشت تبخیر کلاس A (99/0=R2 ) و روش هارگریوز به­ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کمترین همبستگی را با مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده توسط لایسیمتر دارند. با این وجود نزدیکترین روش به لایسیمتر از نظر شاخص‌های مورد بررسی، روش پنمن- مانتیث بود. در کل بهترین روش برای برآورد تبخیر- تعرق مرجع در دشت تبریز روش پنمن- مانتیث شناخته شد. همچنین بهترین رابطه رگرسیونی برای تعیین تبخیر- تعرق مرجع از روی داده­های هواشناسی ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Some Empirical Estimating Methods of Reference Evapotranspiration in Tabriz Plain Using Lysimeter and Proposing a Model for its Determination from Climatic Data

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Onnabi Milani 1
  • MR Neyshabouri 2
1 Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
2 Prof., Soil Science Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determining the evapotranspiration of plants is possible mainly by two methods, namely direct measuring and indirect estimation using climatic parameters. Evapotranspiration determination using direct method is difficult, costly and time consuming. For this reason, some indirect methods have been proposed for determination of crop water requirement with acceptable accuracy. A lysimetric study was conducted to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in Tabriz plain in a loamy soil. Evapotranspiration was measured in ten days and monthly intervals by water balance equation method and then compared with ETo obtained using some empirical methods. Results indicated that the average seasonal ETo and pan evaporation (Ep) for 9 months were 1226.9 and 1947.3 mm respectively. Comparison between the measured and estimated ETo by various methods showed that the pan evaporation (class A) and Hargreaves methods had the highest and lowest correlation with lysimeteric data, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, Penman-Monteith method had the closest estimates to lysimeteric measurement. In general, Penman-Monteith was introduced as a suitable method for estimating reference evapotranspiration in Tabriz plain. Also, the best regression equation for estimating ETo using meteorological parameter was introduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climatic data
  • Empirical model
  • Lysimeter
  • Penman-Monteith
  • Reference evapotranspiration
 
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