کانی‌شناسی اجزای خاک در برخی کشت‌‌‌های طولانی مدت با رژیم رطوبتی زریک

نویسنده

گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران

چکیده

شناسائی نوع کانی‌های اجزاء خاک‌هایی که پوشش گیاهی متفاوت دارند، دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کانی‌های اجزای خاک تحت کشت مداوم است. بدین منظور، سه منطقه با رژیم رطوبتی خاک مشابه (زریک) شامل دشت‌های گیان، درود و کنگاور انتخاب شدند. 13 خاک‌رخ با تاریخچه کشت زراعی و ویژگی‌های متفاوت انتخاب و خاک‌رخ‌ها حفر و تشریح شدند. خاک‌های انتخاب شده تحت کشت برنج، گندم، کلزا، چغندرقند بودند. نمونه‌ها از افق‌های مختلف جمع-آوری شدند و ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و کانی‌شناسی آنها در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. تمامی اجزای خاک شامل سه جزء شن، سیلت و رس جدا شدند و محتوی کانی‌ آنها تعیین شد. نتایج تجزیه‌های پراش پرتو ایکس، میکروسکوپ‌های الکترونی عبوری و روبشی نشان داد که بیشترین فراوانی نسبی کانی‌های جزء رس در کشت برنج به ترتیب شامل کلرایت> ورمی‌کولایت> اسمکتایت> ایلایت می‌باشد. شرایط غرقابی وضعیت مناسبی را برای پایداری کانی‌های کلرایت و ورمی-کولایت فراهم کرده است. حضور ورمی‌کولایت در کشت برنج را می‌توان به‌دلیل هوازدگی بیوتایت دانست. بیشترین مقدار اسمکتایت در جزء رس کشت زراعی چغندرقند و سپس در کلزا دیده شد. نوتشکیلی اسمکتایت حاوی کلسیم، بعنوان کاتیون قابل تبادل در خاک‌های کشت شده غالب است. کانی‌های مختلط کلرایت-ورمی‌کولایت، ایلایت-اسمکتایت و ایلایت-ورمی-کولایت در جزء سیلت کشت برنج به‌طور غالب و سپس در کشت چغندرقند و کلزا مشاهده شدند، تغییرپذیری جزء شن ناچیز و در تمامی کشت‌ها تقریبا مشابه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Fractions Mineralogy in Some Long term Cultivations with Xeric Moisture Regimes

نویسنده [English]

  • Soheila sadat Hashemi
soil science department, Malayer university, Hamadan Province, Iran
چکیده [English]

The identification of soil fractions minerals types that have different vegetations is a matter of special importance. The aim of this study is investigation of the soil particles’minerals under continues cultivation. Hence, three different regions with similar soil moisture regime (xeric) including Gyan, Doroud and Kangavar plains were selected. Then 13 pedons with different properties and crops’cultivation history were selected and soil profiles were dug and analysed. The selected soils were under cultivation of rice, wheat, canola and sugar beet. Soil samples were collected from different horizons and their physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics were measured in the laboratory. All size fractions were separated and content of minerals in sand, silt and clay fraction was determined. X-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM analysis results from clay fraction in rice cultivation indicated that the most semi quantitative of minerals is sequential: chlorite> vermiculite> smectite> illite. The ponding condition provided a suitable posotion for stability of chlorite and vermiculite minerals. The presence of vermiculite in paddy rice might cause biotite weathering. The most of smectite content was observed in clay fraction in sugar beet cultivation and then in canola cultivation. The neoformation of smectite containing Ca as exchangeable cation was dominant in cultivated soils. The mixed minerals as vermiculite–chlorite, illite- smectite and illite-vermicultie were predominantly observed in silt fraction under rice cultivation and then in sugar beet and canola cultivations. The variability of sand fraction mineral was negligible and it was similar in all cultivation almost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clay
  • Crop cultivation
  • Mineralogy
  • Silt
  • Xeric
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