مطالعه فیزیکی سرعت و تنش برشی جریان در کانال عریض با جداره ثابت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران- آب و سازه‌های هیدرولیکی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی عمران- هیدرولیک و مکانیک مهندسی رودخانه، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

خصوصیات هیدرولیکی جریان در آبراهه­های عریض، به دلیل وجود نسبت بالای عرض به عمق جریان، b/h، شرایط متفاوت­تری نسبت به کانال های کم عرض دارد. در این تحقیق، با استفاده از مدل فیزیکی یک کانال عریض با جداره ثابت به طول 60 متر و عرض 5/1 متر با نسبت عرض به عمق جریان 12 الی 56، مشخصه­های هیدرولیکی جریان در کانال­های عریض، شامل رابطه دبی-عمق، توزیع­های سرعت و تنش برشی جریان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد که سرعت حداکثر در کانال­های عریض در نزدیکی سطح جریان رخ می­دهد. از بررسی توزیع قائم سرعت جریان آشکار می­شود که این توزیع از قانون معروف لگاریتمی پیروی می­کند. همچنین نتایج حاصل بیان می کند که تنش برشی حداکثر در محور میانی کانال عریض بوجود می­آید و با افزایش نسبت عرض به عمق، b/h، تنش برشی بی بعد افزایش می­یابد. در b/h­های کمتر از 30، تنش برشی بی بعد کف کوچکتر از 9/0 و برای b/h های بزرگتر از 30، تنش برشی بی بعد کف بزرگتر از 9/0 می باشد. مقایسه نتایج کانال­های عریض و کانال­های با عرض بهینه به نسبت b/h=2 گویای آن است که در کانال­های کم عرض، رابطه بین نسبت b/h با تنش برشی به صورت خطی است ولی در کانال­های عریض رابطه توانی بر آنها حاکم است. همچنین در کانال­های عریض، درصد سهم نیروی برشی دیواره­ها (%SFW) به دلیل عمق کم جریان کمتر از 10 و ناچیز بوده و می­توان برای منظورهای طراحی از سهم دیواره­ها در تنش برشی صرفنظر نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical Study of Flow Velocity and Shear Stress in a Wide Rigid Boundary Channel

نویسندگان [English]

  • V Hasanzadeh Vayghan 1
  • MA Mohammadi 2
1 PhD Student in Civil Eng., Water & Hydraulic Structures, Department of Civil Eng., Faculty of Eng., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Prof. in Civil Eng., Hydraulics & River Eng. Mechanics, Department of Civil Eng., Faculty of Eng., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

      Hydraulic characteristics of wide channels differ from narrow channels due to the higher ratios of width to depth, b/h. In this research, using a physical model of a rigid boundary channel having 60m length, 1.5m width and a bed slope of 0.001 with b/h ratio of 12 to 56, hydraulic characteristics of wide channels including: stage-discharge relationship, velocity and shear stress distributions were experimentally considered. The results indicate that the maximum velocity in the wide channel was occurred nearby the water surface. Investigation of the vertical velocity distribution reveals that the flow velocity follows the well-known logarithm distribution law. The also results show that the shear stress was maximized in the centerline of channel section, and the dimensionless shear stress was increased by increasing the ratio of b/h. In ratios of b/h less than 30, the dimensionless bed shear stress value is less than 0.9 and in case of b/h greater than 30, it is greater than 0.9. A comparison of the results for wide channels and channels with an optimal width of b/h=2, reveals that the relationship between b/h and shear stress in narrow channels is linear, while in wide channels a power relationship is governing. Moreover, in wide channel sections, the percentage of shear force on the walls (%SFW), due to the low depth of flow which is less than 10 and negligible, so that to contribute the walls to the shear stress can be ignored for design purposes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wide channel
  • Physical model
  • Rigid boundary
  • Stage-discharge
  • Velocity distribution
  • Shear stress

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 29، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 13-26

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