سینتیک رهاسازی مس توسط DTPA از خاک‌های آهکی استان آذربایجان شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه تبریز

4 دانشیاران گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

مس از عناصر غذایی کم­مصرفی است که سرعت رهاسازی عامل مهمی در تعیین زیست فراهمی آن برای گیاه در خاک‌های آهکی می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، سینتیک عصاره‌گیری مس بومی  در 21 خاک آهکی سطحی (30-0 سانتی‌متر) از استان آذربایجان شرقی با روش DTPA مطالعه و بهترین مدل سینتیکی از بین  مدل های برازش یافته انتخاب شد. برای این منظور، به 10 گرم خاک هوا خشک 20 میلی­لیتر محلول 005/0 مولار DTPA-TEA افزوده و تکان داده شد ودر زمان­های 16/0 تا 200 ساعت غلظت مس رهاسازی شده تعیین شد.  سپس قابلیت مدل‌های مرتبه صفر، اول، دوم، سوم، الوویچ، تابع توانی، پخشیدگی پارابولیک، مرتبه اول لاگرگرن و بلانچارد در توصیف فرآیند سینتیک ارزیابی شد.  نتایج نشان داد که  با افزایش زمان عصاره­گیری غلظت مس رها شده با روش DTPA-TEA افزایش یافت و در زمان­ 72 ساعت به یک تعادل نسبی رسید. تا 200 ساعت، معادله­های الوویچ ساده شده و دو ثابته بهترین برازش را به داده‌های سینتیکی داشتند، اما در دامنه 16/0 تا 20 ساعت، علاوه‌بر این دو معادله، معادله پخشیدگی پارابولیک نیز برازش خوبی داشت. معادله­های مرتبه اول لاگرگرن و بلانچارد با وجود دامنه وسیع ضرایب تبیین، در 21 خاک مورد مطالعه به داده‌ها برازش مناسبی نداشتند. حاصل­ضرب αsβst معادله الوویچ ساده شده(qt = 1/βs ln(αsβs) + 1/βs lnt) برای 15 دقیقه اول در تمام خاک‌ها بیشتر از یک بود.  ثابت b معادله دو ثابته یا تابع توانی (qt = atb) با درصد شن و CEC خاک‌های مورد مطالعه به­ترتیب ضرایب همبستگی مثبت (*47/0=r) و منفی (*45/0- =r) معنادار  داشت. بیشترین ضریب همبستگی در بین پارامترهای معادلات سینتیکی برتر بین ab با sβ مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Kinetics of DTPA extraction of Copper from Calcareous Soils of East Azerbaijani Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Reyhanitabar 1
  • E Abdolmaleki 2
  • N Najafi 3
  • SH Oustan 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student., Dept. of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cupper (Cu) is one of the micronutrients and the release rate of this element is an important factor in determining its bioavailability in calcareous soils. In this research, the kinetics of native Cu extraction by DTPA was studied in 21 calcareous surface soils (0-30 cm) and the best kinetics model to describe the data was selected. For this purpose 20 mL of 0.005 M DTPA solution was added to 10 g air dried soil and shacked,then during the 0.16 to 200 hours the concentration of Cu was determined. Furthermore the abilities of  zero, first, second and third order equations, simple Elovich, two constant rate, parabolic diffusion, Lagergern first order and Blanchard equations in description of the kinetics process were evaluated. According to the results, the rate of Cu extraction by DTPA was increased with time then reached a relative equilibrium in 72 hours. The best models for describing kinetics of Cu extraction during 200 hours were the simple Elovich and two constant rates. Also within 0.16 to 20 hours besides these two equations, the parabolic diffusion was one of the best models, too. Lagergern first order and Blunchard equation despite the wide range of correlation coefficients did not have a good fitness with the 21 studied soils. The αsβst product of simple Elovich equation (qt = 1/βs ln(αsβs) + 1/βs lnt ( in initial 15 minutes was larger than 1 for all studied soils. The amounts of constant b in the constant rate equation (qt = atb) were positively and negatively correlated with sand concentration (r= 0.47 *) and CEC values (r=-0.45*), respectively. The highest correlation coefficientsbetween the kinetics parameters of superior equation, was observed between the ab with βs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soils
  • Copper
  • Desorption
  • East Azerbaijan
  • Kinetics equations
Aharoni C, Levinson S, Ravina I and Sparks DL, 1991. Kinetics of soil chemical reactions: Relationships between empirical equations and diffusion models. Soil Science Society of America Journal 55(5): 1307-1312.
Aharoni C and Ungaish M, 1976. Kinetics of activated chemisorption Part 1. The non- Elovichian part of the isotherm. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 72: 400-408.
Allison LE and Moodie CD, 1965. Carbonate. Pp. 1379-1396. In: Black CA (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society for Agronomy, Madison, WI.pp.1379-1396.
Bawer CA, Reitemeier RF and Fireman M, 1952. Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soil. Soil Science 73: 251-261.
Blanchard M and Maunaye GM, 1984. Removal of heavy-metals from waters by means of natural zeolites. Water Research 18: 1501-1507.
Cheng W, Tsuruta H, Chenb G and Yagi K, 2004. N2O and NO production in various Chinese agricultural soils by nitrification. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36: 953-963.
Chien SH and Clyton WR, 1980. Application of Elovich equation to the kinetics of phosphate release and sorption in soils. Soil Science Society America Journal 44: 265-268.
Covelo EF, Vega FA and Andrade ML, 2006. Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals individual soil components. Journal of Hazardous Materials 140(1-2): 308-315.
Dalal RC, 1985. Comparative prediction of yield response and phosphate uptake from soil using cation- anion exchange resins. Soil Science 1385: 227-231.
Dang YP, Dadal DG, Edwards DG and Tiller KG, 1994. Kinetics of zinc desorption from Vertisols. Soil Science Society of American Journal 58: 1392-1399.
Dudley LM, Mclean JE, Frust TH and Jurinak JJ, 1991. Sorption of cadmium and copper from an acid mine waste extract by two calcareous soils: Column studies. Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34: 1451-1463.
Ghasemi- Fasaei R, Maftoun M, Ronaghi A, Karimian N, Yasrebi J, Assad, MY and Ippolito JA, 2006. Kinetics of copper desorption from highly calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37: 797-809.
Ghasemi- Fasaei R, Tavajjoh M, Oloma V, Molazem B, Maftoun M, Ronaghi A, Karimian N and Adhami, E, 2007. Copper release characteristics in selected soils from southern and northern Iran. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45: 459-464.
Gee GW and Or D, 2002. Particle- size Analysis, In:  Dane JH and Topp GC, Eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4- Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.pp.255-293
Gilmour JT, 1984. The effect of soil properties on nitrification and nitrification inhibition. Soil Science Society America Journal 48(6): 1262-1266.
Havlin JL, Wetfall DG and Olsen SR, 1985. Mathematical models for potassium release kinetics in calcareous soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal 49: 371-376.
Ho YS, 2006. Review of second-order models for adsorption systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials 136(3): 681-689.
Ho YS and McKay G, 1999. Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochemistry 34: 451-465.
Jopony M and Young SD, 1987. A constant potential titration method for studying the kinetics of copper desorption from soil and clay minerals. Journal of Soil Science 38: 219-228.
Lindsay WL and Norvell WA, 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42 : 421-428.
Loeppert RH and Suarez DL, 1996. Carbonate and Gypsum. Publications from USDA-Agricultural Research Service University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Marschner H, 1985. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, New York, NY.
McLaren RG, Willims JG and Swift RS, 1983. Some observations on desorption and distribution behavior of copper with soil components. Journal of Soil Science 34: 325-331.
Nelson DW and Sommers LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In AL Page, Helmke PA, Loppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johanson GT and Summer ME. (eds). Method of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society for Agronomy, Madison, WI.pp.539-579.
Oustan Sh, 2010. Environmental Soil Chemistry (Translated). University of Tabriz Press, Tabriz, Iran.
Pavlatou A and Polyzopoulos NA, 1988. The role of diffusion in the kinetics of phosphate desorption. The relevance of the Elovich equation. Journal of Soil Science 39: 425-436.
Polyzopoulos NA, Keramidas VZ and Pavlatou A,1986. On the limitation of the simplified Elovich equation in describing the kinetics of phosphate sorption and release from soils. Journal of Soil Science 37: 81-87.
Ponizovsky AA, Metzler DM, Allen HE and Ackerman AJ, 2006. The effect of moisture content on the release of organic matter and copper to soil solutions. Geoderma 135: 204-215.
Richards LK, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline soils. Agriculture Hand book. Salinity laboratory staffs. Departeman of Agriculture.USDA.
Rhoades JD, 1996. Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Pp: 417-436. In: Sparks DL(ed). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3-Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Reyhanitabar A and Karimian N, 2008. Kinetics of copper desorption of selected calcareous soils from Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 4(3): 287-293.
Singh RR, Prasad B and Choudhary SN, 1994. Desorption of copper in calcareous soils. Journal of Indian Society Soil Science 42: 555-558.
Shorrocks VM and Alloway BJ, 1988. Copper in plant, animal and human nutrition.Copper Development Association Publication 98-104.
Sparks DL, 1986. Soil Physical Chemistry. Pp: 83- 145. Kinetics of reactions in pure and mixed systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Sparks DL and Jardine PM, 1984. Comparison of kinetic equations to describe K-Ca exchange in pure and mixed system. Soil Science 138: 115-122
Sparks DL and Suarez DL, 1991. Rate of Soil Chemical Processes. SSSA Spec.Publ.No.27. Soil Science Society America. Madison, WI.
Undabeytia, T, Nir S, Rytwo, G, Serban C, Morillo E and Magueda C, 2002. Modeling adsorption-desorption processes of Cu on edge and planer sites of montmorillonite. Environmental Science Technology 36(2): 2677-2683.
Williams C, Nascimento A, Eduardo E, Severina R and Leite P, 2007. Effect of liming on the plant availability and distribution of zinc and copper among soil fractions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38: 545–560.