بررسی انحلال فسفات، تحمل دمایی و زنده‌مانی باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات در کود میکروبی فسفاته

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم و مهندسی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

باکتری‌هایی با توان انحلال فسفات بالا و مقاوم به دماهای بالا کاندید مناسبی برای استفاده در کودهای میکروبی فسفاته گرانوله می‌باشند. بر این اساس، در این تحقیق کارایی انحلال فسفات، تحمل دمایی و ماندگاری هفت باکتری (Pantoea agglomerans P5، Pseudomonas fluorescens Tabriz، P. putida Tabriz، Pseudomonas sp. C16-2O، Enterobacter sp. S16-3، Bacillus megaterium JK6 و B. firmus) پس از تأمین جمعیت میکروبی اولیه مناسب بر بستر پایه ﺧﺎک ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ( g45) +  ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ( g15) + باگاس ( g30) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. کود میکروبی تهیه شده به دو قسمت تقسیم شد و تعداد میکروب‌های زنده در آن بعد از گذشت سه و شش ماه به روش شمارش کلنی در پلیت به دست آمد. نیمی از کود در دمای معمولی و نیم دیگر پس از اعمال تیمار دمایی 55 درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شد و سپس میکروب‌های زنده آن شمارش شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین منابع مختلف فسفر از نظر انحلال فسفات وجود داشت و انحلال دو برابری توسط باکتری‌ها از منابع تری‌کلسیم فسفات نسبت به سنگ فسفات به دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین انحلال فسفات به ترتیب در باکتری P. agglomerans P5 (mg/l 562) و در گونه B. firmus (mg/l 395) از منبع تری کلسیم فسفات بدست آمد. هیچ کدام از باکتری‌های مورد استفاده در فرمولاسیون کود میکروبی فسفاته تحمل دمای 55 سلسیوس را نداشتند اما کودهای میکروبی فسفاته ذخیره شده در دمای معمولی بعد از گذشت سه و شش ماه پس از تولید، به طور میانگین جمعیتی برابر با CFU/g 105× 3/4 و 104×4/0 داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of phosphate dissolution, thermal tolerance and viability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in phosphatic microbial fertilizer

نویسندگان [English]

  • B khoshru 1
  • MR Sarikhani 2
  • N Aliasgharzad 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
2 Assist. Prof. of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
3 Prof.of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Bacteria with high phosphate solubilization ability and resistant to high temperatures are good candidates for using in phosphatic microbial fertilizers (PMF). Accordingly, in this study the dissolution of phosphate, thermal tolerance and viability of seven PSB (Pantoea agglomerans P5, Pseudomonas fluorescens Tabriz, P. putida Tabriz, Pseudomonas sp. C16-2O, Enterobacter sp. S16-3, Bacillus megaterium JK6 and B. firmus) were evaluated in the basal formulation of rock phosphate (45 g), bagasse (30 g) and sulfur (15 g) after providing appropriate initial microbial population. The prepared PMFs was divided into two parts and the number of viable cells was obtained after three and six months by plate count method. The provided PMFs were subjected to microbial counts in two ways. A) Half of fertilizer samples, were stored at room temperature then viable cells counted and B) The other half of PMF were counted after they had been exposed to a temperature of 55 °C for 16 hours. The results showed that there was a significant difference between different phosphorus sources in terms of phosphate dissolution, and dissolution of bacteria from TCP sources compared to rock phosphate was two-fold. The highest and lowest dissolution of phosphate observed in the bacterium P. agglomerans (562 mg/l) and B. firmus (395 mg/l), respectively. None of the bacteria in PMFs formulations did not tolerate at temperatures up to 55°C, but PMFs that stored at room temperature, after three and six months of production, had an average population of 4.3 × 105, and 0.4 × 104 CFU/g, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphatic microbial fertilizer
  • Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
  • Pseudomonas
  • Thermal tolerance
  • Viability

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 29، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 39-51

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