اثرات بیوپلیمرهای کیتوسان و صمغ عربی بر برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک‌های انبساط-پذیر

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه

2 دانشجوی فوق لیسانس، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه

چکیده

عملیات خاکورزی در خاک­های انبساط­پذیر به دلیل چسبنده بودن در زمان مرطوب و سخت بودن در مواقع خشک با مشکلاتی همراه می­باشد. یکی از راهکارهای مدیریت این خاک­ها، استفاده از بهبود دهنده­های خاک[1] می­باشد. در همین راستا، در تحقیق حاضر آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) با دو فاکتور شامل نوع (صمغ عربی و کیتوسان) و مقدار مصرف (صفر، پنج و ده گرم بر کیلوگرم) بهبود دهنده­های خاک با سه تکرار به منظور بررسی اثرگذاری بیوپلیمرهای طبیعی فوق در بهبود کیفیت خاک از دیدگاه خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک­های انبساط­پذیر انجام شد. تعدادی از ویژگی­های خاک پس از یک دوره زمانی حدوداً سه هفته­ای تیمار خاک مورد پایش قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد صمغ عربی و کیتوسان موجب افزایش هدایت هیدرلیکی اشباع (Ks) (حدوداً دو برابر) و پایداری خاکدانه­ها در حالت خیس (WAS) (حدوداً 3 تا 4 برابر) شد. شاخص میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها (MWD) در اثر تیمار خاک­ها با صمغ عربی حدوداً دو برابر افزایش و در اثر تیمار با کیتوسان حدوداً به نصف کاهش یافت. در ارتباط با هدر رفت آب خاک نیز، صمغ عربی موجب حفظ رطوبت بیشتری در خاک در مقابل نیروی تبخیر گردید. میزان انبساط خاک­های مورد آزمایش نیز در اثر کاربرد هردو بیوپلیمر فوق به حدود نصف کاهش یافت. بنابراین به نظر می­رسد بتوان از بیوپلیمرهای فوق برای کاهش خاصیت انبساط و انقباض خاک­ها استفاده کرد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Chitosan and Arabic Gum Biopolymers on Some Physical Properties of Swelling Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Rahmati 1
  • M Kouselou 2
1 Assis. Prof., Dept. of Soil Sci. and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Master Student, Dept. of Soil Sci. and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Tillage operations in swelling soils comprise some difficulties due to the fact that they are sticky during wet periods and hard in dry conditions. Applying soil conditioners is one of the solutions for managing these soils. In this study, a completely randomized (CRD) factorial experiment with two factors including type (Arabic gum and Chitosan) and amounts (zero, 5, and 10 grams per kilogram) of two soil conditioners with three replications was carried out to investigate the effect of these natural biopolymers on the improvement of the physical quality of these soils. Several soil characteristics were examined after three weeks of incubation time. The results showed that the use of Arabic gum and Chitosan increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) (approximately twice) and wet-aggregate stability (WAS) (approximately 3-4 times). The mean weight dimeter (MWD) index increased around twice as a result of the treatment of soil by Arabic gum and decreased around half due to soil treatment by Chitosan. Regarding soil water storage, Arabic gum retained more water in soil exposing to evaporation force. The swelling volume of the examined soils decreased around half as a result of the application of both above-mentioned biopolymers. Therefore, the above-mentioned biopolymers can be used to treat swelling soils hoping a considerable reduction in their swelling and shrinkage characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biopolymers
  • Swelling soils
  • Vertisols
  • Water retention
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