تأثیر آبیاری با پساب شهری تصفیه شده بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های رشد گوجه‌فرنگی و ذرت در شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه کردستان

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

کمبود آب یکی از مسائل اساسی مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک مانند ایران است. بنابراین، استفاده از آب­های نامتعارف، در جایی که آب با کیفیت مناسب در دسترس نیست، رو به فزونی است. یکی از این منابع، پساب شهری است که علاوه بر تأمین آب می­تواند بخشی از نیاز غذایی گیاه را نیز تأمین نماید. از این رو در این تحقیق، تأثیر پساب تصفیه شده بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ذرت با نام علمی zea mays (رقم سینگل کراس 260) و گوجه­فرنگی با نام علمی solanum lycopersicum (رقم تایگر) در شرایط گلخانه­ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. در این بررسی از سه تیمار آبیاری با آب معمولی (شاهد)، آب معمولی و پساب به­صورت یک در میان و پساب استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری با پساب در مقایسه با آب معمولی به­طور معنا‌داری عملکرد گیاه ذرت و گوجه­فرنگی را افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر پساب بر شاخص­های رشد گوجه­فرنگی به­ترتیب برای وزن خشک برگ (6/28 درصد) و قطر ساقه (6 درصد) و برای ذرت مربوط به وزن هزار دانه (1/28 درصد) و قطر بلال (10 درصد) بود. لذا با توجه به مشکل کمبود آب، این روش می­تواند  نقش قابل توجهی در توسعه پایدار و کاهش هزینه­های آبیاری و کوددهی داشته باشد. پساب به دلیل غنی بودن از عناصر غذایی گیاه (نیتروژن، فسفر و دیگر عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف) می­تواند به­عنوان یک منبع آب برای آبیاری در منطقه استفاده شود و کاربرد کودهای تجاری را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Irrigation with Treated Urban Wastewater on Yield and Some Growth Characteristics of Tomato and Corn in Greenhouse Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • B Karimi 1
  • CH Abdi 2
  • Z Fathi Tileko 2
1 Assist. Prof. of Water Sciences and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan, Iran
2 Former Student of Water Sciences and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The water scarcity is one of the crucial problems in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran. Therefore, application of unconventional water, where suitable quality water supplies are not available, is increasing. One of these sources is treated urban wastewater (TUW), which can supply water and nutrient requirements of plants. Therefore, in this research, growth and yield of corn (zea mays-single cross 260) and tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum tiger) were evaluated using TUW under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was done as a randomized complete design with three replications. In this research, three treatment of irrigation water were applied including TUW, alternative TUW- water and water. The results showed that the application ofTUW had a significant effect on increase of the corn and tomato yields when compared to the treatment of water application. The highest and lowest impacts of TUW on tomato growth indices were related to leaf dry weight (28.6%) and stem diameter (6%), respectively. Similarly, these extreme amounts in the corn were related to the grain weight (28%) and corn diameter (10 %), respectively.So, considering the water scarcity, this method can play significant role in the sustainable development and decreasing the irrigation and fertilization costs. Thus, application of TUW as a new water resource can reduce commercial fertilizer usage due to containing rich nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and other macro and micro nutrients).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Tomato
  • Urban wastewater
  • Yield
Abedi M and Najafi P, 2001. Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Tehran.
Alizadeh A, Bazari ME, Velayati S, Hasheminia M and Yaghmaie F, 2001. Irrigation of cron with wastewater. Pp. 137-146, In: Ragab R, Pearce G, Changkim J, Nairizi S and Hamdy A (Eds). 52nd ICID International. Workshop on Wastewater Reuse and Management. Seoul, Korea.
Anonymous, 1995. American Public Health Association (APHA). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19 th ed, Washington.
Anonymous, 1999. Environmental regulations, criteria and standards. Publication of Iran Environmental Protection organization.
Arvandi S and Moqadas k, 2001. One of the solutions to confront with water scarcity, the optimal use of urban sewage. 1st National Conference on Drought Mitigation and Water Shortage, Kerman.
Asgari K, Solimani A and Najafi P, 2008. Effects of treated urban wastewater on grain yield index and its components in sunflower plant under different irrigation treatments. Iranian Water Research Journal 2(2):45-52.
Cassman KG, Kropff MJ and Yan ZD, 1994. A Conceptual Framework for Nitrogen Management of Irrigated Rice in High- Yield Environments. New Developments and Future Projects. IRRI, Los Banes, Philippines.
Chace SE, 1964. Nine-decade s of sanitary eng. Part 3. Back to the land. Water work and wastewater.
Day AD, Taher FA and Katterman FRH, 1975. Influence of treated municipal wastewater on growth fiber, acid soluble nucleotide, protein and amino acid content in wheat grain. Journal of Environmental Quality 4(2):167-169.
Erfani A, Haghnia GH and Aminzade A, 2001. Effect of treated household wastewater on yield and quality of tomato. Agricultural Sciences and Technology Journal 15(1): 65-76.
Feizi M, 2001. Effect of treated wastewater on accumulation of heavy metals in plant and soil. Pp 137-146. In: Rogab R, Pearce G, Changkim J and Nairizi S (Eds.), ICID Intertional Workshop on Wastewater Reuse and Management, Seoul, Korea.
Fereidooni MJ, Farajee H and Owliaei HR, 2013. Effect of treated urban sewage and nitrogen on yield and grain quality of sweet corn and some soil characteristics in yasouj region. Water and Soil Science- University of Tabriz 23(3): 43-56.
Gatta G, Libutti A, Gagliardi A, Beneduce L, Brusetti A, Borruso L, Disciglio G and Tarantino M, 2015. Treated agro-industrial wastewater irrigation of tomato crop: Effects on qualitative/quantitative characteristics of production and microbiological properties of the soil. Agricultural Water Management 149: 33–43.
Gushiken EC, 1993. Effluent disposal through subsurface drip irrigation systems. Hawaii Water Pollution Control Association, 15th Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Hassanli AM, Ebrahimzade M and Beecham S, 2009. The effect of irrigation method with effluent and irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency and corn yield in an arid region. Agriculture Water Management 96: 93-99.
Keremane GB and McKay J, 2007. Successful wastewater reuse scheme and sustainable development: a case study in Adelaide. Water and Environment 21: 83-91.
Khan MA, Shaukat SS and Khan MA, 2008. Economic benefits from irrigation of maize with treated effluents waste stabilization ponds. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 1091-1098.
Khan MJ, Jan MT, Khan NU, Aref M, Pervvin S, Alam S and Jan AU, 2011. The effect of using waste water for tomato. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43 (2): 1033-1044.
Monte HM and Sousa MSE, 1992. Effects on crop of irrigation with facultative pound effluent, Water Science & Technology 26 (7-8): 1606-161.
Najfi P, 2006. Effects of using subsurface drip irrigation treated municipal waste water in irrigation of tomato. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences 9(14): 2672-2676.
Oron G, Gillerman L, Bick A, Mnaor Y, Buriakovsky N and Hagin J, 2007. Advanced low quality waters treatment for unrestricted use purposes: Imminent challenges. Desalination 213: 189-198.
Rezvani Moghadam, P and Mirzaei Najmabadi M, 2009. Effect of different sewage and water ratios on morphological traits, yield and yield components of four forage species. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7(1): 63-75.
Rohi A and Tohidloo Q, 1998. Investigation of interactions between manure and nitrogen fertilizer on some soil physical properties and yield in sugar beet and wheat frequency. Research Report of the Sugar Beet Research Institute. 30 pages.
Segura ML, Grandos MR, Moreno J and Urrestarazu M, 2004. Response of greenhouse melon and tomato crops to wastewater irrigation. Acta Horticulturae 633: 391-396.
Shahhosseini Z, Gholami A and Asghari H, 2012. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and humic acid on water use efficiency and physiological growth indices of maize under water deficit condition. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal 2(1): 39-56.
 Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA,  Loeppert RH,  Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnston CT and Sumner ME, 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis part 3-Chemical Methods, published by Soil Science Society of America, Book series, Number 5, USA. 
Tavakoli M and Tabatabaei M, 1999. Irrigation with treated wastewater.  Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Number 28.
Valinejad M, Mostafazadeh B and Mir Mohammady Mibody SA, 2002. The effect of shahin shahr treated wastewater on agronomic and chemical characteristics of corn under sprinkler and surface irrigation systems. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Journal 9(1):103-115.
Vaseghi S, Shariatmadari H, Efioni M and Mobli M, 2001. Effect of sewage sludge on heavy metal concentrations of spinach and lettuce in soils with different PH. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 2(3-4): 125-142.
Yazdani F, Alahdadi A, Akbari Gh and Behbahani MR, 2007. Effect of different rates of superabsorbent polymer (Tarawat A200) on soybean and yield components (Glycine max L.), Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 75: 167-174.