تاثیر بیوچار بقایای هرس درخت سیب بر شکل‌های شیمیایی، شاخص تحرک (MF) و شاخص توزیع کاهش‌یافته (IR) عناصر سنگین در یک خاک آلوده

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر بیوچار بقایای هرس درخت سیب )رقم گلدن دلیشز[1]( بر شکل­های شیمیایی عناصر کادمیم، سرب، مس و روی در خاک آلوده، آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 سطح بیوچار (0، 2، 5 و 10 درصد) و 4 زمان انکوباسیون (1، 2، 4 و 8 هفته) در 3  تکرار انجام گرفت و توزیع شکل­های شیمیایی عناصر در زمان­های مذکور با روش عصاره­گیری متوالی تسییر تعیین و شاخص توزیع­­کاهش­یافته (IR) و شاخص تحرک (MF) محاسبه گردید. کاربرد بیوچار موجب کاهش معنا­دار (P ≤ 0.05) عناصر در بخش­های تبادلی و کربناتی و افزایش معنا­دار عناصر در بخش­های پیوند با ماده آلی و اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز  نسبت به خاک شاهد گردید. با افزایش درصد بیوچار افزوده­شده به خاک و زمان انکوباسیون، مقدار IR افزایش و مقدار MF کاهش یافت که بیانگر کاهش تحرک فلز با افزایش درصد بیوچار است. درنهایت نتیجه­گیری شد که افزودن بیوچار سیب به خاک، منجر به تغییر شکل عناصر از اشکال ناپایدار (شکل­های قابل تبادل و کربناتی) به شکل­های پایدار (شکل­های پیوند خورده با اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز و شکل آلی)، و در نتیجه کاهش تحرک فلزات در خاک می­شود.



[1]  Golden Delicious

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Apple Pruning Residue Biochar on Chemical Forms, Mobility Factor Index (MF) and Reduced Partition Index (IR) of Heavy Metals in a Contaminated Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • R Hamzenejad 1
  • E Sepehr 2
  • A Samadi 3
  • MH Rasouli-Sadaghiani 3
  • H Khodaverdiloo 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of apple (Golden delicious variety) pruning residue biochar on chemical forms of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in a contaminated soil, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications with 4 levels of biochar (0, 2, 5 and 10 %) and 4 levels of incubation time (1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks).  Chemical distribution of metals in soil was determined using Tessier sequential extraction method during the mentioned incubation times and the reduced partition index (IR) and mobility factor (MF) of the metals were calculated. Application of the biochar significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and increased organic and iron and manganese oxide bound fractions in comparison to the control treatment. With increasing the biochar level and incubation time, the IR values were increased, but MF values decreased, demonstrating a decrease in the mobility of metal in soils. It was concluded that the addition of the apple biochar in soil may led to transformation of the metals from unstable forms (e.g. exchangeable and carbonate forms) to stable forms (e.g. iron and manganese oxide bound and residual forms), and consequently decreased the mobility of the metals in soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple biochar
  • Chemical forms
  • Heavy metals
  • Sequential extraction
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