تأثیر برداشت شن و ماسه بر روی میزان و دانه‌بندی بار بستر رودخانه (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه زارم رود، استان مازندران)

چکیده

برداشت شن و ماسه از بستر رودخانه‌های کشور در سال‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است که این عمل موجب تغییراتی در سامانه رودخانه‌ها می‌شود. برداشت بی‌رویه و بدون در نظر گرفتن ظرفیت تولید رسوب رودخانه، تغییرات مورفولوژی و تغییرات بیلان رسوبی رودخانه را منجر می‌شود. در این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر برداشت شن و ماسه از بستر رودخانه زارم رود بر روی میزان و دانه بندی بار بستر، با جاگذاری نمونه بردارهای چاله‌ای نمونه‌های بار بستر برداشت شد. تحلیل دانه‌بندی رسوبات به روش استاندارد ASTM به‌صورت جداگانه برای هر نوبت نمونه‌برداری در نمونه‌بردارها انجام گردید. همچنین وزن آن‌ها در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار GRADISTAT اندازه قطرهای D10، D50، D90، میانگین و مقادیر معیارهای جورشدگی، چولگی و کشیدگی بر حسب میکرون و مقیاس Φ بدست آمد. سرانجام در محیط نرم افزار SPSS22 اختلاف معنی‌داری آماره‌های رسوبی اندازه‌گیری شده مقطع بالادست با مقطع پایین‌دست معدن شن و ماسه بررسی شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اندازه قطرهای D10، D50، D90، میانگین و جورشدگی در مقطع بالادست با مقطع پایین‌دست معدن شن و ماسه اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان می‌دهد. با این وجود متغیرهای چولگی و کشیدگی ذرات رسوبی بار بستر در مقطع بالا دست و پایین‌دست معدن شن و ماسه اختلاف معنی‌داری ندارد. همچنین برداشت شن و ماسه از بستر رودخانه در بازه مورد نظر موجب ایجاد فرسایش بستر، برهم ریختگی لایه‌های رسوبی و تغییر در بیلان رسوبی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Sand and Gravel Mining on River Bedload Amount and Gradation (Case Study: Zaremrood River, Mazandaran Province)

چکیده [English]

Sand and gravel mining from the rivers bed in the country has been increased in the recent years which causes changes in the rivers systems. Irregular excavation of sand and gravel regardless of the river sedimentation capacity causes changes in river sediment balance and morphology. In this study to investigate the impacts of the sand and gravel mining on the bedload amount and gradation in Zaremrood river, the bedload was sampled by placing pit sampler in the river bed. Granulometric analysis of sediment was carried out for each sample separately using ASTM method. Their weights were measured in the laboratory, too. Then, the sizes of diameters D10, D50, D90, mean grain size and the values of sorting, skewness and kurtosis were obtained in micron and Φ scale using GRADISTAT software. Finally, a significant difference between the sediment statistics of the upstream and downstream cross sections of sand and gravel mining in SPSS22 software was investigated. The results showed that the sizes of diameters D10, D50, D90, and mean grain size, sorting showed a significant difference in the bedload samples of the upstream and downstream cross section of the mining place. However, skewness and kurtosis of bedload sediment particles size did not show significant difference in the mentioned samples. Also, sand and gravel mining from river bed in the study reach caused the bed erosion, dislocation of sedimentary layers and changes in the sediment balance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bedload traps
  • GRADISTAT software
  • Sand and gravel mining
  • Sediment gradation
  • Zaremrood River
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