تغییرپذیری مکانی عملکرد دانه گندم و ویژگی‌های خاک در کشت‌زارهای دیم منطقه نیمه‌خشک در جنوب استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار مرکز پژوهش‌های کشاورزی زنجان، زنجان

4 کارشناس مرکز پژوهش‌های کشاورزی زنجان، زنجان

چکیده

به­منظور پهنه­بندی عملکرد دانه گندم، روش­های کریجینگ معمولی، کوکریجینگ و رگرسیون-کریجینگ مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای این منظور 298 کشتزار‌ دیم گندم با فواصل 59/0 کیلومتر از هم در شهرستان خدابنده واقع در جنوب استان زنجان در سال 1393 انتخاب شد. عملکرد دانه گندم دیم در کشت‌زارها با استفاده از پلات مربعی مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. از هر کشتزار دو نمونه خاک سطحی جمع­آوری شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل شن، سیلت و رس، رطوبت گل اشباع، ماده آلی، واکنش خاک، هدایت الکتریکی، کربنات کلسیم معادل، ازت کل، فسفر قابل دسترس و پتاسیم قابل دسترس خاک در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شدند. داده های خاک برای ارزیابی مدل­های زمین آماری و بررسی نقش ویژگی­های خاک در تعیین عملکرد دانه گندم در کشتزارها به­کار رفتند. از بین کل داده‌های مورد بررسی، 238 داده برای ارائه مدل­های زمین‌آماری و 60 داده برای ارزیابی مدل­های مذکور مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که روش کوکریجینگ عملکرد گندم دیم را در نقاط جدید با دقت بیش‌تری )74/0 =R2، 95/118=RMSE) نسبت به دو روش کریجینگ معمولی )74/0 =R2، 87/127=RMSE) و رگرسیون- کریجینگ )26/0 =R2، 84/198=RMSE) برآورد می‌کند. ازت کل خاک به عنوان یک متغیر کمکی در روش کوکریجینگ برای تعیین تغییرات مکانی عملکرد دانه گندم بکار رفت. به‌طور کلی این پژوهش نشان داد با آگاهی از تغییرات مکانی ازت کل خاک می‌توان تغییرات مکانی عملکرد گندم را کمی نمود و آن را به­صورت نقشه زمین‌آماری برای اهداف مدیریتی به کار گرفت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Variability of Wheat Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Semi-Arid Rainfed Croplands in South of Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • AR Vaezi 1
  • F Babaei 2
  • M Taheri 3
  • M Abbasi 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Assis. Prof., Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, Zanjan, Iran
4 Senior Expert of Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

For zoning of wheat grain yield, simple kriging, cokriging and regression- kriging methods were evaluated. For this purpose, in 2014, 298 rainfed wheat fields with distances of 0.59 km from each other were selected at the Khodabandeh county located in the south of Zanjan province. Wheat grain yield of the rainfed lands was measured using the quadrant plots in the field. Soil samples were collected from the surface soil (0-30 cm) of the fields at two replicates. Physical and chemical properties of soil including sand, silt, clay, moisture, organic matter, pH, EC, calcium carbonate equivalent, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and plant-available potassium were measured. Soil data were used to assess the geostatistical models and evaluate the soil characteristics roles on wheat grain yield over the fields. Out of total data, 238 data were used to develop geostatistical models and 60 data were applied to test the models. Results showed that cokriging estimated wheat grain yield in new locations more accurate (R2= 0.74, RMSE= 118.95) than the simple kriging (R2= 0.74, RMSE= 127.87) and regression- kriging (R2= 0.26, RMSE= 198.84). Soil total nitrogen was used as auxiliary variable in cokriging method to determine the spatial variation of wheat grain yield. In addition, according to the results by understanding the spatial variation of the soil total nitrogen spatial grain yield variation can be quantified and used as geostatistical map for management scopes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cokriging
  • Kriging
  • Principal component analysis
  • Regression-Kriging

مراجع

 
Anonymous, 2011. Office of planning and budget, planning assistance of Zanjan province Governor (5).
Anonymous, 2014. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
Ayoubi S, Mohammad-Zamani S and Khormali F, 2010. Wheat yield prediction through soil properties using principle component analysis. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 40(1): 51-57.
Basso B, Cammarano D, Fiorentino C and Ritchie JT, 2013. Wheat yield response to spatially variable nitrogen fertilizer in Mediterranean environment. European journal of Agronomy 51: 65-70.
Bhatti A, Mulla D and Frazier B, 1991. Estimation of soil properties and wheat yields on complex eroded hills using geostatistics and thematic mapper images. Remote Sensing of Environment 37(3): 181-191.
Bohn HL, Myer RA and O'Connor GA. 2002. Soil chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, NJ, USA.
Bourennane H, Nicoullaud B, Couturier A and King D, 2004. Exploring the spatial relationships between some soil properties and wheat yields in two soil types. Precision Agriculture 5(5): 521-536.
Bremner JM and Mulvaney CS, 1982. Total nitrogen. Pp. 595- 624. In: A.L. Page (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Burrough PA and McDonnell RA, 1998. Principles of Geographical Information Systems. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Parkin TB, Karlen DL, Novak JM, Turco RF and Konopka AE, 1994. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58: 1501-1511.
Diacono M, Castrignanò A, Troccoli A, De Benedetto D, Basso B and Rubino P, 2012. Spatial and temporal variability of wheat grain yield and quality in a Mediterranean environment: A multivariate geostatistical approach. Field Crops Research 131: 49-62.
Eldeiry AA and Garcia LA, 2010. Comparison of ordinary kriging, regression kriging, and cokriging techniques to estimate soil salinity using LANDSAT images. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 136(6): 355-364.
Anonymous. 2006. Guidelines for soil descriptions. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gee GW and Or D, 2002. Particle Size Analysis. Pp. 255-294. In: J. Dane, G.C. Topp (eds.), Methods of soil analysis. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Hendrickx JMH, Das B, Corwin DL, Wraith JM and Kachanoski RG, 2002. Indirect measurement of solute concentration. Pp. 1274-1306. In: Dane JH, Topp GC (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal. Book Series 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Hengl T, 2011. A practical guide to geostatistical mapping. BPR Publishers.
Hengl T, Heuvelink GBM and Rossiter DG, 2007. About regression-kriging: From equations to case studies. Computers & Geosciences 33(10): 1301-1315.
Johnson, NL, 1949. Systems of Frequency Curves Generated by Methods of Translation. Biometrika Trust 36:1/2.p. 149-176.
Lark RM, Cullis BR and Welham SJ, 2006. On spatial prediction of soil properties in the presence of a spatial trend: the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (E-BLUP) with REML. European Journal of Soil Science. 57(6): 787-799.
Lobell DB, Cassman KG and Field CB, 2009. Crop yield gaps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34(1): 179-204.
Marschner H, 2011. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press.
McLean EO, 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. pp. 199-224. In: A.L. Page (ed.), Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
Minasny B and McBratney AB, 2007. Spatial prediction of soil properties using EBLUP with the Matérn covariance function. Geoderma 140(4): 324-336.
Mohammad-Zamani S, Ayoubi, S and Khormali F, 2007. Spatial variability of wheat yield and soil properties in some agricultural lands of Sorkhankalate, Golestan province. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 40: 79-91.
Motaghian H and Mohammadi J, 2011. Spatial estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity from terrain attributes using regression, kriging, and artificial neural networks. Pedosphere 21(2): 170-177.
Nelson DW and Sommer LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. pp. 539–579. In: A.L. Page (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
Nelson RE, 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. Pp. 181-196. In: A.L. Page (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
Oliver MA and Webster R, 2014. A tutorial guide to geostatistics: Computing and modelling variograms and kriging. Catena 113: 56-69.
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watenabe FS and Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular.
Rhoades JD, 1982. Soluble salts. Pp. 167-179. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (eds.), Methods of soil analysis: Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. ASA, Madison, WI.
Ryan B, Joiner B and Cryer J. 2012. MINITAB Handbook: Update for Release. Cengage Learning.
Shabani A, Haghnia GH, Karimi A and Ahmadi MM, 2012. Influence of Topography and soil characteristics on the rainfed wheat yield in Sisab region, Northeastern Iran,Jornal of water and soil. 26(4): 922-932. 
Shahandeh H, Wright AL, Hons FM and Lascano RJ, 2005. Spatial and temporal variation of soil nitrogen parameters related to soil texture and corn yield. Agronomy Journal 97(3): 772-782.
Silleos NG, Alexandridis TK, Gitas IZ and Perakis K, 2006. Vegetation indices: advances made in biomass estimation and vegetation monitoring in the last 30 years. Geocarto International 21(4).
Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R, Sarmadian F, Rousta MJ, Rahimian MH, Omid M and Toomanian N, 2015. Digital mapping of apparent electrical conductivity using regression kriging and local variogram in Ardakan region. Journal of soil management and sustainable production 4(4): 1-29.
Thomas GW, 1982. Exchangeable cations. Pp. 159-165. In: A.L. Page (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Vaezi AR, 2008, Soil properties effects on wheat grain yield in some rainfed lands of Northwest Iran. 10th Iranian crop science congress. 18 -20 August. Abureyhan Campus of University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Webster R and Oliver MA, 2007. Geostatistics for environmental scientist, 2nd statistics in practice. John Wiley and sons Ltd., west Sussex. 315pp.
Wilding L, 1985. Spatial variability. Its documentation, accommodation, and implication to soil surveys. Pp. 166- 194. In: D. R. Nielson and J. Bouma (Eds). Soil Variability, Pudo, Wagenigen, the Netherlands.
دانش آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 3
مهر 1396
صفحه 65-78

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار