نقش اسیدهیومیک در پالایش سبز سرب توسط گونه مرتعی طوق (Xeanthium vetelus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه-گروه علوم خاک

2 دانشگاه ارومیه -گروه علوم خاک

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

یکی از روش­های نوین افزایش کارآیی پالایش سبز فلزات سنگین در خاک­های آلوده، استفاده از عوامل کمپلکس­کننده در خاک است. بدین­منظور برای بررسی اثر کاربرد اسید هیومیک بر افزایش انحلال سرب در خاک و جذب آن توسط گیاه طوق آزمایشی در شرایط گلخانه­ای اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: 1) سرب (صفر، 250، 500 و 1000 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم از منبع نیترات سرب) و 2) اسید هیومیک (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) بودند. به­همین منظور در پایان دوره رشد گیاه طوق برخی پارامترهای بیولوژیک خاک شامل تنفس میکروبی (BR)، کربن زیست­توده میکروبی خاک (MBC)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، میزان پرولین و غلظت سرب در ریشه و شاخساره گیاه، فاکتور انتقال گیاهی(TF)، فاکتور انباشت شاخساره و ریشه (BAF) اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شدت آلودگی سربی خاک، BR، MBC، زیست­توده خشک ریشه و شاخساره، RWC، BAF شاخساره و ریشه و TF را کاهش داد و باعث افزایش مقدار پرولین، غلظت سرب شاخساره و غلظت سرب ریشه در گیاه طوق گردید. همچنین افزودن اسید هیومیک باعث کاهش پرولین گردید که مقدار پرولین در تیمارها بدین­ترتیب بود (0HA >100HA >200HA). همچنین نتایج حاکی از تأثیر مثبت اسید هیومیک بر غلظت سرب زیست­فراهم، BR و MBC بود و غلظت سرب زیست­فراهم در 200HA در مقایسه با 0HA، 35/62 درصد افزایش یافت. به­طور­کلی علیرغم تأثیر مثبت اسید هیومیک در افزایش جذب سرب توسط گیاه طوق، این گیاه نمی­تواند برای پالایش سبز سرب مناسب باشد، زیرا این گیاه نتوانسته است بیش از 1000 میلی­گرم سرب در کیلوگرم ماده خشک اندام هوایی اندوزش نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Humic Acid on Phytoremediation of Pb through a Pasture Collar Plant (Xeanthium vetelus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • MH RS 1
  • H K 2
  • H Kh 3
  • N M 2
  • M B 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the new approaches for increasing phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals in contaminated soils is using soil chelating agents. In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid (HA) application on elevating the solubility of lead (Pb) in the soil and its uptake by the collar plant (Xeanthium vetelus), an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. The factors included: 1) lead (Pb0, Pb250, Pb500 and Pb1000 mg kg-1 from Pb(NO3)2) and 2) humic acid (HA0, HA100 and HA200 mg kg-1. At the end of growing period selected soil biological parameters including basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), relative water content (RWC), proline amount and lead concentration in roots and shoots of plant, plant transfer factor (TF), Bio-concentration factor roots and shoots (BAF) were measured. Results showed that increasing the intensity of soil lead contamination decreased microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, relative water content of plant tissue, biological concentration factor of shoot, root bio-concentration factor and transfer factor plant, however increased proline, the concentration of lead in shoot and root at the collar plant. Furthermore, the application of humic acid reduced proline amount in treatments as follows: HA 0> HA 100> HA 200. Also, results suggested that humic acid showed a positive effect on bioavailable Pb, BR and MBC and bioavailable Pb in HA200 increased by 62.35 percent compared to HA0. Generally, despite of positive effect of HA on Pb uptake, collar plant couldn't be suitable for Pb phytoremediation as it accumulated Pb < 1000 mg kg-1 leaf dry weight.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collar plant (Xeanthium vetelus)
  • Humic acid
  • Lead
  • Phytoremediation
  • Soil Contamination
صاحبقدم لطفی ع، 1367. متابولیسم سرب و مسمومیتهای ناشی از آن. انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. تهران. ایران.
قائمیان ن، 1379. بازنگری و بهنگام کردن مطالعات خاکشناسی نیمه­تفصیلی جنوب ارومیه و بررسی پیشروی آب دریاچه ارومیه. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی آذربایجان­غربی.
خدایی پ، 1392. تأثیر کمپوست حاصل از فعالیت قارچ‌های تجزیه‌کننده و کرمهای خاکی بر برخی شاخص‌های میکروبی در یک خاک آلوده به سرب. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه.
Allison LE and Moodie CD, 1965. Carbonates. Pp. 1379-1396. In: Black CA (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Pares, ASA: Madison, WI.
Alloway BJ, 1995. Heavy metals in soils, 2nd edition. Blackie Academic and professional, London, England.
Anderson TH and Domsch KH, 1993. The metabolic quotient for CO2 /qCO2 as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environmental conditions, such as pH, on the microbial biomass of forest soils. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry 25: 393-395.
Andrade SAL, Gratao PL, Schiavinato MA, Silveira APD, Azevedo RA and Mazzafera P, 2009. Zn uptake, physiological response and stress attenuation in mycorrhizal jack bean growing in soil with increasing Zn concentrations. Chemosphere 75: 1363-1370.
Anyanwu CU and Nwachukwu ON, 2011. Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated and Uncontaminated Soils. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment 1:173-178.
Anderson JPE, 1982. Soil respiration. Pp. 831-871. In: Page AL, Miller RH andKeeney DR (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Chemical and Micro Biological Properties, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Baath E, 1989. Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial processes and populations. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 47: 335-379.
Bates lS, Waldern RP and Teare ID, 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
Bergmann DC, 2004. Integrating signals in stomatal development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7: 26–32.
Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulink Y, Ensley BD and Raskin I, 1997. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil applied chelating agents. Environmental ScienceandTechnology31: 860-865.
Brooks RR, 1999. Phytochemistry of hyperaccumulators. In: Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. University Press, Cambridge 261-289.
Cariny T, 1995. The reuse of contaminated land. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Publisher. 219p.
Cenkci S, Cioerci IH, Yildiz M, Oezay C, Bozdao A and Terzi H, 2010. Lead contamination reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis and genomic template stability in Brassica rapa L. Environmental and Experimental Botany 67: 467-473.
Chapman HD, 1965. Cation Exchange Capability. In lack CA et al. (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 891- 901.Cheng W, Coleman DC, Carroll CR and Hoffman CA, 1993. In situ measurements of root respiration and soluble carbon concentrations in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25: 1189-1196.
Cheng W, Coleman DC, Carroll CR and Hoffman CA, 1993. In situ measurements of root respiration and soluble carbon concentrations in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25: 1189-1196.
De Matos A T, Fontes MPF, da Costa L M and Martinez M A, 2001. Mobility of heavy metals as related to soil chemical and mineralogical characteristics of Brazilian soils. Environmental Pollution 111:429-435.
Doelman P and Haanstra L, 1997. Effects of lead on the soil bacterial microflora. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 11: 487-91.
Ewaise EA, 1997. Effects of cadmium, nickel and lead on growth, chlorophyll content and proteins of weed. Biologica Plantarum 39: 403-410.
Evangelou MWH, Daghan H and Schaeffer A, 2004. The influence of humic acids on the phytoextraction of cadmium from soil. Chemosphere 57:207-213.
Evangelou M, Ebel M and Schaeffer A, 2007. Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil. Effect, mechanism, toxicity and fate of chelating agents. Chemosphere 68:989-1003.
Fargasova A, 1994. Effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr on germination and root growth of Sinpas alba seeds. Bulletion of Environmental contamination and toxicology 52: 452-456.
Gai N, Yang Y, Li T, Yao J, Wang F and Chen H, 2011. Effect of Lead Contamination on Soil Microbial Activity. Measured by Microcalorimetry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry 29: 1541-1547.
Gawronski SW and Gawronska H, 2007. Plant taxonomy for phytoremediation. Pp. 79-88. In: Marmiroli N et al. (eds). Advanced Science and Technology for Biological Decontamination of Sites Affected by Chemical and Radiological Nuclear Agents. Springer.
Ge GH and Bauder JW, 1986. Particle size analysis. Pp. 383-411. In: Klute A (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Physical Properties. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Gisbert C, Ros R, Haro A, Walker DJ, Bernal MP, Serrano R and Navarro-Avino J, 2003. A plant genetically modified accumulates Pb is especially promising for phytoremediation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 303: 440-445.
Halim M, Conte P and Piccolo A, 2003.Potential availability of heavy metals to phytoextraction from contaminated soils by exogenous humic substances. Chemosphere 52: 265-275.
Hayes MHB and Malcolm RL, 2001. Consideration of compositions and aspects of structures of humic substances. Pp. 33-39. In: Humic substances and chemical contaminants, Clapp CE, Hayes MHB, Sensi N, Bloom BR, and Jardine PM (eds). Proceedings Workshop and Symposium International. Humic Substances Soil Science Societyof America and American Society Agronomy, Anaheim CA, 1997. October 26-27. Soil Science Societyof America. Inc., Madison, WI.
Hofrichter M and Steinbuchel A, 2001. Biopolymers. Lignin, humic substances and coal, Vol. 1, Wiley Europe-VCH,Weinheim, New York.
Jenkinson DS and Ladd JN, 1981. Microbial biomass in soil measurement and turnover. Pp: 415-471. In: Paul EA and Ladd JN (eds). Soil Biochemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.
Kamaludeen SPB, Megharaj M, Naidu R, Singleton I, Juhasz A, Hawke BG and Sethunathan N, 2003. Microbial activity and phospholipids fatty acid pattern in long-term tannery waste contaminated soils. EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety 56: 302–310.
Lagier T, Feuillade G and Matejka G, 2000. Interactions between copper and organic macromolecules: determination of conditional complexation constants. Agronomie 20:537-546.
Landi L, Renella G, Moreno JL, Falchini L and Nannipieri P, 2000. Influence of cadmium on the metabolic quotient, l-D-glutamic acid respiration ratio and enzyme activity: microbial biomass ratio under laboratory conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 32: 8-16.
Maier RM, Papper LL and Gebra CP, 2000. Environmental Microbiology. Academic Press, Chapter 17: 403-423.
Marchiol L, Fellet G, Perosa D and Zerbi G, 2007. Removal of trace metals by Sorghum bicolor and Helianthus annuus in a site polluted by industrial wastes: a field experience. Plant physiology and biochemistry 45(5): 379-387.
Merian E, 1991. Metals and their compounds in the environment. VHC. Inc. New York.
McGrath SP, Zhao FJ and Lombi E, 2001. Plant and rhizosphere processes involved in phytoremedition of metal-contaminated soils. Advances in Agronomy 75: 1-56.
Nelson DW and Sommers LE, 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pp. 961-1010In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2,Page AL et al. (eds). American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, WI.
Niu Z, Sun T, Li Y and Wang H, 2007. Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by Sunflower, Ricinus, Alfalfa and Mustard in hydroponic culture. Environmental Sciences 19: 961-967.
Nwachukwu OI and Pulford ID, 2011. Microbial respiration as an indication of metal toxicity in contaminated organic materials and soil. Hazardous Materials 185: 1140–1147.
Papa S, Bartoli, Pellegrino G and Fioretto AA, 2010. Microbial activities and trace element contents in an urban. Soil and Environment 165:193–203.
Plassard F, Winiarski T and Petit-Ramel M, 2000. Retention and distribution of three heavy metals in a carbonated soil: Comparison between batch and unsaturated column studies. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 42: 99-111.
Rashid MA, 1985. Geochemistry of marine humic compounds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp.300.
Schaller H, 2003. The role of sterolsin plant growth and development.Progrss in Lipid Res. Planta 42: 63-175.
Shen ZG, Li XD, Wang CC, Chen H M and Chua H. 2002. Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soils with high-biomass plant species. JournalofEnvironmental Quality 31:1893-1900.
Spark KM, Wells JD and Johnson BB, 1997. The interaction of a humic acid with heavy metals. Australian Journal of Soil Research 35:80-101
Stevenson FJ, 1992. Humus chemistry. Genesis, composition and reactions, 2nd, wiley, New York.
Tandon HLS, 1998. Method of analysis of soil, Plant, Waters and Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization. New Delhi, India. pp. 144.
Ure AM, 1996. Single extraction schemes for soil analysis and related applications. Science of the Total Environment 178: 3–10.
Valdrighi MM, Pera A, Agnolucci M, Frassinetti S, Lunardi D and Vallini G, 1996. Effects of compostderived humic acids on vegetable biomass production and microbial growth within a plant (Cichorium intybus) - Soil system: A comparative study. Journal of Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment 58:133-144.
Verma RK, Yadav DV, Singh CP, Suman A and Gaur A, 2010. Effect of heavy metals on soil respiration during decomposition of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) trash in different soils. Plant, Soil and Environment 56: 76–81.
Wang HH, Shan XQ, Wen B, Owens G, Fang J and Zhang SZ, 2007. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on lead accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and the relevant antioxidant response. Journal of Experimental Botany 61: 246-253.
Wu SC, Luo YM, Cheung KC and Wong MH, 2006. Influence of bacteria on Pb and Zn speciation, mobility and bioavailability in soil: a laboratory study. Environmental Pollution 144:765–773.
Yano-melo AM, Sanggin OJ and Maia LC, 2003. Tolerance of mycorrhized banana to saline stress. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95: 343-348.
Zayed A, Gowthaman S and Terry N, 1998. Phytoaccumulation of toxic trace elements by wetland plants: I. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Environment Quality 27: 715-721.
Zhang HH, Tang M and Zheng C, 2010. Effect of inoculation with AM fungi on lead uptake, translocation and stress alleviation of Zea mays L. seedlings planting in soil with increasing lead concentrations. European Journal of Soil Biology 46: 306-311.