تحلیل آماری راندمان انتقال در کانالت‌ها و کانال‌های خاکی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش

2 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز،

4 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

5 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، خوزستان

چکیده

به منظور بهره‌وری بهینه از آب در کشاورزی، دانستن میزان نشت آب از کانال‌ها ضروری است. در این پژوهش، ارزیابی کانال‌های خاکی و کانالت‌های شبکه‌های آبیاری و زهکشی استان خوزستان با محاسبه راندمان توزیع آب انجام شد. در این رابطه، تعداد 29 کانال در شبکه‌های اصلی آبیاری و زهکشی استان خوزستان شامل:کارون بزرگ، شمال خوزستان، کرخه، شاوور، زهره، جراحی و کانال‌های تحت مدیریت زارعان مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تعداد 16 کانالت و شش کانال خاکی در شبکه‌های آبیاری، از درجات 3 و 4 بوده و همچنین یک کانالت و شش کانال خاکی تحت مدیریت زارع قرار داشتند. میانگین راندمان توزیع در کانالت‌ها و کانال‌های خاکی به‌ترتیب معادل 47/86 و 23/70 درصد محاسبه شدند که این مقادیر با هم اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 5 درصد داشتند. کم‌ترین میانگین راندمان توزیع در کانال اختصاصی (تحت مدیریت زارع) به میزان 88/46 و بیش‌ترین میزان راندمان توزیع در کانال غیراختصاصی به میزان 67/99 درصد محاسبه شد. میزان‌های متناسب با Z-Score محاسبه شده برای راندمان توزیع بر اساس نوع مصالح ساخت نشان داد میزان 1/72 درصد کانالت‌ها وضعیت قابل قبولی داشتند در حالی که این میزان در کانال‌های خاکی فقط 1/9 درصد بود. تمامی کانالت‌های درجه 4 راندمان توزیع قابل قبولی داشتند. 1/59 درصد از کانال‌های غیراختصاصی (زیرپوشش شبکه‌های آبیاری و زهکشی خوزستان) راندمان توزیع قابل قبولی داشتند در حالی که 7/85 درصد کانال‌های اختصاصی راندمان توزیع قابل قبولی نداشتند. با تحویل حجمی آب از طریق کانال‌های اختصاصی به بهره‌بردار موجبات افزایش راندمان توزیع در کانال‌های تحت مدیریت زارع فراهم می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Statistical Analysis of Conveyance Efficiency in Semi-Elliptical Prefabricated canalets and Earth Canals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nader Salamati 1
  • Peyman Varjavand 2
  • Shokrola Absalan 3
  • Azarakhs Azizi 4
  • Mohiaddin Goosheh 5
1 Research Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Agricultural engineering research department, Khuzestan agricultural and natural resources research center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
3 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural
4 Member of Scientific Board of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
5 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study was conducted based on the results of field visits and data collection from different locations of modern distribution networks including tertiary and fourth degree channels as well as the traditional water distribution irrigation network in the cities of Khuzestan province in 2017. The lowest and highest distribution efficiencies were calculated at 46.88 and 99.69% in Baghmalek and Shushtar counties. The average distribution efficiency in all studied channels was 79.75%. The lowest distribution efficiency in teritary channel was 0.60 and the maximum distribution efficiency in fourth degree channel was 99.67%. This was while 36.4% of earthen canals had poor distribution efficiency. In this study, the values of distribution efficiency calculated in different canals showed that the type of ownership of canal is effective in increasing the distribution efficiency. In a way the average distribution efficiency in the canals covered by irrigation and drainage networks as non-personal channels were significantly different from the channels managed by the farmer (personal channels) at the level of 5%. Scientific management performed by irrigation and drainage networks in Khuzestan province caused about 60% of non-personal water distribution channels to have acceptable irrigation efficiency, while the lack of sientific management on personal canals (under Farmer management) including non-volume delivery of water due to mismanagement masurrement structures has caused about 85% of channels under farmer management do not have acceptable distribution efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analysis
  • variance
  • water
  • losses
  • channels
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