امکان سنجی مناطق مناسب برای کشت یونجه با روش‌های AHP, FAHP, ANP and WLC در محیط GIS (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل)

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

یونجه یکی از نباتات علوفه‌ای مهم در دنیا و ایران است و به علت دارا بودن مواد غذایی فراوان برتری خاصی نسبت به علوفه‌های دیگر دارد. بر همین اساس امکان‌سنجی کشت یونجه، متناسب با شرایط آب و هوایی نیاز ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی نواحی کشت علوفه یونجه در استان اردبیل با روش‌های چندمعیاره است. امکان‌سنجی پتانسیل منطقه با استفاده از هفت معیار؛ بارش، متوسط دما، کمینه دما، بیشینه دما، ارتفاع، شیب و خاک و در محیط GIS انجام شد. برای تعیین وزن معیارها، از روش‌های AHP، FAHP و ANP استفاده گردید. با استفاده روش ترکیب خطی وزنی WLC در محیط GIS لایه‌های اطلاعاتی با همدیگر تلفیق‌ و نقشه نهایی کشت علوفه یونجه به چهار کلاس؛ خیلی مناسب، مناسب، کمی مناسب و نامناسب طبقه‌بندی شدند. کلاس‌های یک و دو مناسب به کشت یونجه (حدود 43 درصد) و کلاس‌های سه و چهار (حدود 47 درصد) نامناسب به کشت یونجه تقسیم‌ شدند. نتایج ارزیابی روش‌های AHP و FAHP نشان داد که بارش با معیار وزنی 377/0 و 367/0 و متوسط دما با معیار وزنی 404/0 با روش ANP در بین معیارهای موردمطالعه، بیشترین تأثیر را در مراحل رشد یونجه دارند و همچنین کمبود منابع آبی بعد از برداشت اول از مهم‌ترین موانع کشت یونجه در منطقه به شمار می‌آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility of suitable areas for alfalfa cultivation with AHP, FAHP, ANP and WLC methods in GIS environment (case study: Ardabil province)

نویسنده [English]

  • behrouz sobhani
Departemen of physical geography university of Mohaghegh Ardabili
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background an Objectives
The alfalfa plant with the scientific name Medicago sativa L is considered the most important fodder plant in the world and it is a very high quality fodder suitable for all kinds of livestock (Kirimi, 2002). Alfalfa fodder plant is known as the queen of fodder plants in terms of nutritional value and palatability due to the variety of species compared to other fodder plants (Toran et al., 2017). In Iran, the area under alfalfa cultivation is 340,767 hectares and its production amount is 3,551,850 tons, and in Ardabil province, the area under alfalfa cultivation is 9,065 hectares and the annual production amount of alfalfa is 63,105 tons (Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, 2020). Examining weather data and their effect on plants is one of the most important factors in increasing productivity. Therefore, each area has potential and limitations regarding crop cultivation that is compatible with a specific climate, which studies the feasibility of suitable areas for cultivation. The main goal of this research is to locate alfalfa fodder cultivation in Ardabil province using water and meteorological criteria during alfalfa growth period. The difference between the present research and other studies in this field is that it studies the efficiency of four methods during the alfalfa fodder growth period.
Methodology
Ardabil province is located in the northwest of Iran, and its location is in the latitude of 37 degrees and 45 minutes to 39 degrees and 42 minutes of north latitude and the geographical longitude of 47 degrees and 3 minutes to 48 degrees and 55 minutes of east longitude. In this research, from the data of annual precipitation, average annual temperature, minimum annual temperature and maximum annual temperature, six synoptic stations during the statistical period (1990 to 2020) and the height and slope of the land, as well as from the software; ARC GIS, Export Choice and Super Decision have been used. In order to weight and locate alfalfa crops, the methods of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Analytical Network Model (ANP), Fuzzy Hierarchical Process (FAHP) and Weighted Method (WLC) have been used.
Finding
In this research, alfalfa fodder cultivation location in Ardabil province was evaluated and investigated using AHP, FAHP, ANP and WLC methods. In the AHP method, the results with ExportChoice software analysis showed that annual precipitation with a weight of 0.377, average temperature with a weight of 0.258, and maximum temperature with a weight of 0.112 were respectively recognized as the most important criteria during the alfalfa growth period. The results of the FAHP method study showed that precipitation with a weight of 0.367, average temperature with a weight of 0.259, and minimum temperature with a weight of 0.105 are respectively effective in the stages of alfalfa fodder cultivation. In the ANP method with the analysis of Super Dicision software, the results showed that temperature criteria (average, minimum and maximum) with a weight of 0.404, annual precipitation with a weight of 0.289 and topography (height and slope) with a weight of 0.056 are the most important effective parameters, respectively. During the growth period, fodder is alfalfa. By combining the studied criteria during the growth period of alfalfa fodder with the WLC method in the GIS environment, the location of alfalfa cultivation in Ardabil province was done.
Conclusion
The final results of the data analysis with the studied methods showed that rainfall, temperature and topography criteria respectively play an important role during the alfalfa growth period and also by combining the data; A location map of alfalfa fodder cultivation in Ardabil province was prepared. About 22% is very suitable, 21% is suitable, 23% is slightly suitable and 24% is unsuitable for alfalfa cultivation and The results of network analysis (ANP) showed that; Pars Abad region with a score of 238/., Sablan and Meshkin Shahr area with a score of 226/. domain with a score of 228/. compared to other studied stations, they have priority for alfalfa cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested; A- Studies that are carried out with multi-criteria methods on agricultural products, their weighting should be done based on the study of the optimal climatic needs of that crop by the researcher, not through a questionnaire. B- Ardabil province is suitable for the cultivation of alfalfa fodder in terms of climatic conditions and place. It is recommended to grow alfalfa fodder instead of non-strategic crops that require a lot of water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Ardabil
  • alfalfa
  • climate
  • indicators
  • topography
Abbaszadeh Tehrani N, Beheshti Far MR and Morbi M, 2018. Estimation of alfalfa and wheat crop area in Qazvin Province by using multi-temporal images. Environmental Researches 2(3): 96-87. (In Persian with English abstract).
Alemayehu S, Ayana E, Dile Y, Yiman YT, Demissie T, Yimam Y, Girvetz E, Aynekulu E, Solomon D and Worqlul AW, 2020. Evaluating land suitability and potential climate change impacts on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production in Ethiopia. Atmosphere, DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101124.
Aliani H, Ghanbari M and Halimi M, 2021. Comparison of WLC and TOPSIS models in land suitability analysis for urban development (Case study: Fuman and Shaft). Journal of Geographical Sciences Research 22(65): 173-191. (In Persian with English abstract).
Alvaro O and Marina C, 2019. Variability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seasonal forage production in the Southwest of Uruguay. Agrociencia Uruguay 23(1):1-11.
Anonymous, 2014. A complete guide to alfalfa (planting, growing, harvesting), Karaj: Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization.
Anonymous, 2020. Agricultural Jihad Statistics. Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization.
Bagheri A and Asadi S, 2018. Determining one-year alfalfa cultivation areas using AHP hierarchical analysis process and geographic information system in Kermanshah province. Journal of Agroecology 11(2): 467-482. (In Persian with English abstract).
Delavar MA, Safari Y, Alamdari P and Nouri Z, 2018. Assessing the suitability of Zanjan plain lands for irrigated cultivation of wheat, alfalfa and ground wheat using comparative suitability index. Water and Soil Science 29(1): 151-163. (In Persian with English abstract).
Deng F, Li X, Wang H, Zhang M, Li R and Li X, 2014. GIS-based assessment of land suitability for alfalfa cultivation: a case study in the dry continental steppes of northern China. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 12(2): 364-375.
Durigon A and De Jong var Lier Q, 2013. Canopy temperature versus soil water pressure head for the prediction of crop water stress. Agricultural Water Management 5: 127:1-6.
Esfandiari S, Hassan Lee A M and Farshadfar M, 2017. Smart  comparison of yield and characteristics of 5 annual alfalfa species in dry conditions of Kermanshah province. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 16(2): 294-285. (In Persian with English abstract).
Givey J, 2016. Assessing the quality of land suitability for agricultural and garden plants. Agricultural Extension Research and Training Organization, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad.
Karimi H, 2002. Alfalfa, Academic Jihad Publications. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad.
Makhdoom M, 2010. The Foundation of Land Preparation. Tehran University Press.
Mazaheri D and Majnoon Hosseini N, 2008. Basics of General Agriculture. Tehran University Publications.
Monirifar Hassan, Moradian P, Ahmadi R and Moghadam, A, 2019. Identification of alfalfa cultivars suitable for low irrigation conditions in Tabriz plain. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 30: (4): 264-249. (In Persian with English abstract).
Montazar A, 2019. Update alfalfa crop water use information: An estimation for spring and summer harvest cycles in California low desert.  Agricultural Science 22: 202–205.
Mousavi SA, Sarmadian F and Taati A, 2017. Land suitability evaluation of rainfed barley using Analytical Hierarchy Process Technique and GIS in a part of Kuhin Area. Water and Soil Science 28 (2): 177-189. (In Persian with English abstract).
Nasrullahi N, Kazemi H and Kamkar B, 2015. Feasibility of one-year alfalfa cultivation in Agh Qola city in Golestan province using GIS. Journal of Agroecology 7(3): 397-411. (In Persian with English abstract).
Nasseri D, Shamsipour AA and Rizvani M, 2018. Assessment and zoning of land suitability for pasture use using hierarchical process-fuzzy logic. Human and Environment Quarterly 50: 87-102. (In Persian with English abstract).
Panahi S, Samadianfard S and Nazemi AH, 2021. Modeling the yield of rain-fed wheat, barley and alfalfa products using support vector regression and genetic programming. Water and Soil Science 32(2): 97-111. (In Persian with English abstract).
Qaimian N, Abdol Rahman B, Mahmoudi S and Amari P, 2004. Assessment of suitability of land for wheat, sugar beet and alfalfa by parametric method in the lands of Piranshahr region. Water and Soil Science 16(1): 83-94. (In Persian with English abstract).
Qanvati F, Nazari F and Amirabadi H, 2012. Eco-geographical assessment of spruce species distribution in relation to soil and climate in Kermanshah province. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops Journal1(2): 131-147. (In Persian with English abstract).
Saaty TL and vargas LG, 1991. Predictin, Proecton and Forecasting. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dorderecht.
Seyed Sharifi R and Hakem Alipour S, 2010. Cultivation of Fodder Plants. Mohaghegh Ardabili University Publications.
Sobhani B, 2022. Application of Methods AHP, FAHP and ANP in Agricultural Meteorology. Gonash Negar Ardabil.
Sobhani B and Nasiri F, 2021. Agroecological zoning of rapeseed cultivation in Ardabil plain. Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences 23(65): 61-78. (In Persian with English abstract).
Tharvati M, Jafarzadeh AA, Ghorbani MA, Shahbazi F and Duvatgar N, 2014. Assessment of suitability of land for alfalfa in Khaja region using parametric square root method and fuzzy set theory. Water and Soil Science 24(2): 105-93. (In Persian with English abstract).
Turan N, Celen AE and Ozyazici MA, 2017. Yield and quality characteristics of some alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) varieties grown in the eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 22: 160-165.
Vaez Madani MA, Fakher Fard A and Majnooni Heris A, 2021. Analysis of rainfed wheat farming climatic potential based on RPI index (Case study: East Azerbaijan Province). Water and Soil Science 32(2): 1-10. (In Persian with English abstract).
Yohannes Y, Evan G, Ermias A, Dawit S and Abeyou WW, 2020. Evaluating land suitability and potential climate change impacts on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production in Ethiopia. Atmosphere, DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101124.
Yousef Fateh M, Aghamohammadi H and Behzadi S, 2015. Spatial modeling of the optimal cropping pattern using hierarchical analysis and GIS in the Asadabad Plain of Hamadan. Geospatial Engineering Journal 7(2): 13-27. (In Persian with English abstract).
Zahang T, Kang J, Guo W and Zhao Z, 2014. Yield evaluation of twenty-eight alfalfa cultivars in Hebei Province of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 13(10): 2260-2267.
Zhao CZF and Chen G, 2004. Soil water balance simulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) in the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau. Agricultural Water Management 69: 101-114.