اثرات تناوب زراعی بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد گندم دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تبریز

2 موسسه تحقیقات دیم کشور (مراغه) بخش تحقیقات مدیریت منابع

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات تناوبهای زراعی مختلف بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد گندم دیم، سه مکان
در سریهای خاک سهند، رجل آباد و داراب منطقه مراغه- هشترود انتخاب گردید. در هر یک از این مکانها چهار
به مدت (T و گندم- آیش( 4 (T گندم- آیش- گندم- گندم-گندم ( 3 ،(T گندم- نخود ( 2 ،(T سیستم تناوبی کشت ممتد گندم ( 1
1382 ) اعمال شد. در خرداد ماه سال 1387 نمونههای دست خورده و دست نخورده خاک از - پنج سال زراعی ( 1387
20 سانتیمتری تهیه گردید. در این نمونهها، تعدادی از خصوصیات - 10 و 40 -20 ،0- تمامی تیمارها در سه عمق 10
قابل استفاده و Zn و Cu ،Mn ،Fe ،K ،P و CEC ،OC ،CCE ،EC ،pH ،Db ،WAS ، KS ، فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک (بافت
و (GS و 87 GS54 ،GS32 ،GS نیتروژن کل) اندازه گیری شد. همچنین رطوبت خاک در چهار مرحله از دوره رشد گندم ( 21
2/01 ) و cm hr-1) T و 3 T در تیمارهای 1 KS عملکرد بیولوژیکی در اواخر خرداد ماه اندازهگیری شد. کمترین مقدار
4/8 ) و کمترین mg Kg- 5/27 ) بدست آمد. بیشترین ( 1 cm hr-1) T 4/89 ) و 4 cm hr-1) T بیشترین مقدار آن در تیمارهای 2
به طور معنی T و 3 T حاصل شد که با تیمارهای 2 T و 1 T 3/9 ) مقدار آهن قابل استفاده به ترتیب در تیمارهای 4 mg Kg-1)
(p< 0/ به دست آمد که به طور معنیداری ( 05 T 71/6% ) در تیمار 4 ) WAS اختلاف داشتند. بیشترین مقدار (p<0/ داری ( 05
(p< 0/ 1/15 ) به طور معنیداری ( 05 g cm-3) T 1/16 ) و 4 g cm-3) T در تیمارهای 2 Db . با تیمارهای دیگر اختلاف نشان داد
T 1/29 ) کاهش نشان داد. مقدار بیوماس گیاهی در تیمارهای 2 g cm-3) T 1/29 ) و 3 g cm-3) T در مقایسه با تیمارهای 1
1/57 ) متفاوت t ha-1) T 1/50 ) و 3 t ha-1) T با تیمارهای 1 (p<0/ 3/05 ) به طور معنیداری ( 05 t ha-1) T 3/10 ) و 4 t ha-1)
بود. در دیگر خصوصیات اندازهگیری شده و رطوبت خاک اختلاف معنیداری بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد. بر اساس نتایج
حاصله، کشت ممتد گندم به جای تناوب گندم- نخود یا گندم- آیش، ریسک پس روی اراضی و به خصوصدر طولانی
مدت زوال کیفیت خاک را به همراه خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Rain Fed Wheat Crop Yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Rahmati 1
  • MR Neyshabouri 1
  • Sh Oustan 1
  • V Feiziasl 2
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of various crop rotations on soil physical and chemical properties in
drylands, three sites with Sahand (Fluventic Haploxerepts), Rajol Abad (Typic- Calcixerepts), and
Darab (Calcic Haploxerepts) soil series were chosen in Maragheh and Hashtroud, North West of
Iran. The treatments including continuous wheat cropping (T1), wheat–chickpea rotation (T2),
wheat-fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat (T3) and wheat–fallow rotation (T4), were executed for 5
cropping years from autumn 2003 to summer 2008. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from 0-
10, 10-20, and 20-40 cm depths were taken at these sites on June 2008. Selected soil physical and
chemical properties such as texture, pH, EC, carbonate calcium equivalent (CCE), wet-aggregate
stability (WAS), bulk density (Db), organic carbon (OC), saturation hydraulic conductivity (Ks),
CEC and concentration of available P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and total nitrogen were measured by
common laboratory methods. For assessing the moisture content soil samples were taken at four
growth stages of wheat. Sampling for assessing the biomass was carried out at harvest (late June
2008). The lowest Ks occurred in T1 and T3 (2.01 cm.hr-1) and had significant difference with T2
and T4. The highest (4.79 mg kg-1) and lowest (3.88 mg kg-1) Fe concentration occurred in T4 and
T1, respectively, which significantly (p< 0.05) differed from those of other treatments. Soil WAS in
T4 (71.54%) became significantly (p<0.05) greater than those of other treatments. Db in T2 (1.16 g
cm-3) and T4 (1.15 g cm-3) was significantly (p< 0.05) lower than T1 (1.29 g cm-3) and T3 (1.29 g
cm-3). Biological yield in T2 (3.096 t. ha-1) and T4 (3.052 t. ha-1) significantly (p< 0.05) differed
from that of T1 (1.501 t. ha-1) and of T3 (1.573 t. ha-1). In other measured properties and soil
moisture content no significant differences among treatments were appeared. Based on the results,
alteration from wheat-fallow or wheat-chickpea rotation to continuous wheat cropping, may

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggregate stability
  • Crop rotation
  • Hydraulic conductivity
  • Plant biomass
  • Soil quality
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