جذب و واجذب سرب و تاثیر تر-خشک شدن متناوب بر توزیع فلز در دو خاک با ویژه‌گی‌های متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

فلزات سنگین پس از ورود به خاک­، به تدریج بین فاز محلول و فاز جامد خاک و همچنین بین ترکیبات مختلف فاز جامد توزیع می­شوند. توزیع فلزات در خاک نقشی مهم در میزان تحّرک و زیست فراهمی آنها دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جذب و نگهداشت سرب در دو خاک آهکی با ویژگی­های متفاوت (یکی شور-سدیمی و دیگری غیرشور و غیرسدیمی) و ارزیابی اثر شرایط رطوبتی با چرخه تر-خشک شدن (WD) بر توزیع مقادیر مختلف سرب افزوده شده بود. برای کمّی­سازی شدت پیوند سرب افزوده شده به خاک، ظرفیت جذب سرب توسط خاک­ها و تحرّک و زیست فراهمی سرب از نمایه تفکیک کاهش یافته ((IR، نمایه شدت جذب (SI) و درصد یا مقدار جزء محلول + تبادلی (S+E) استفاده شد. مقداری اندک از سرب جذب شده توسط خاک واجذب گردید که بیانگر جذب قوی و برگشت­ناپذیر سرب در خاک­های مورد مطالعه است. براساس مقادیر SI، بیش از 97% سرب افزوده شده به خاک­ها جذب گردید. نمایه SI با افزایش غلظت ورودی سرب به خاک، تغییری معنی­دار نداشت (p≤0.05) که احتمالاٌ بیانگر رسوب سرب در خاک است. با اینکه نخستین دور WD تأثیری معنی­دار بر مقدار SI داشت (p≤0.05)، تاثیر دورهای بعدی معنی­دار نبود (p≤0.05). با افزایش غلظت ورودی سرب به خاک، مقدار IR کاهش یافت که بیانگر افزایش مقدار سرب متحرّک با افزایش سطح آلودگی خاک است. تر- خشک شدن تأثیری معنی­دار (p≤0.05) بر تحرّک و فراهمی سرب در خاک داشت. مقایسه مقادیر S+E نشان داد که تحرّک و فراهمی سرب با تر-خشک شدن خاک کاهش و با افزایش غلظت ورودی سرب به خاک افزایش یافت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sorption and Desorption of Lead (Pb) and Effect of Cyclic Wetting-Drying on Metal Distribution in Two Soils with Different Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • H Khodaverdiloo
  • R Hamzenejad Taghlidabad
چکیده [English]

Heavy metals added to soils are partitioned between solid and solution phases and then slowly redistribute among solid-phase components. Heavy metal distribution has an important effect on its toxicity and bioavailability in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sorption and retention of lead (Pb) in two calcareous soils with different properties (a saline-sodic and a nonsaline-nonsodic soil) and to evaluate the effects of metal loading quantity and wetting-drying (WD) cycles on distribution of different loadings of Pb to these soils. To quantify the binding intensity, the metal sorption capacity of soils, and the mobility and availability of loaded Pb, the reduced partition index (IR), the sorption intensity factor (SI), and the percentage or absolute concentration of Pb in soluble + exchangeable (S+E) fractions were used. A small amount of sorbed Pb was desorbed by soils, indicating a strong and irreversible binding of Pb in the studied soils. In terms of SI values, more than 97% of the added Pb was sorbed by the soils. The SI factor, how ever, exhibited no significant change (p≤0.05) with increased Pb loading quantities, probably demonstrating the precipitation of Pb in the soils. While, the first cycle of WD showed a significant effect (p≤0.05) on the values of IRindex, the subsequent cycles exhibited no significant effect (p≤0.05). The IRvalues increased when Pb loading quantities to soils increased, demonstrating an increase in the mobility of Pb with increased soil pollution level. Wetting-drying of soils had a significant effect (p≤0.05) on mobility and availability of soil Pb. Comparing the values of S+E indicated that the mobility and availability of Pb decreased by WD and increased as the Pb loading quantities to soils increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioavailability
  • Lead
  • Reduced partition index (IR)
  • Sequential extraction
  • Wetting-drying
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