اثرات تنش کمبود آب روی واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ متحمل به شوری (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

نویسنده

دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف مطالعه شناسایی اثرات کمبود آب روی بازتاب­های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی ارقام متحمل به شوری گلرنگ و معرفی شاخص­های گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی بودند. آزمایش به­صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اراضی شور (7/6 دسی زیمنس بر متر) با بافت خاک لوم رسی در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی سال زراعی  97-1396 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی خشکی با دو سطح: بدون تنش و تنش از گل‌دهی تا رسیدگی دانه و فاکتور فرعی شش ژنوتیپ­ متحمل به­شوری گلرنگ شامل: پدیده، گل‌مهر، مکزیک 14، مکزیک 248، مکزیک 295 و پرنیان بودند. شاخص­های مقدار نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، هدایت روزنه، کلروفیل برگ و تعداد دانه در طبق، درصد روغن، عملکرد دانه و روغن در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش و دمای برگ افزایش معنی­دار (به­ترتیب 5 و یک درصد برای تعداد دانه در طبق و سایر صفات) نشان دادند. مقادیر آنها به­جز دمای برگ بین ژنوتیپ­ها تفاوت معنی­­دار داشت. همبستگی بین این شاخص­ها با عملکرد دانه و روغن معنی­دار ( به­ترتیب 5 و یک درصد برای کلروفیل و سایر صفات) بود. بنابراین شاخص­های RWC، هدایت روزنه و کلروفیل برگ می­توانند برای گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی گلرنگ به­کار روند. وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار بین تعداد طبق در بوته و تعداد دانه در طبق با عملکرد دانه و روغن، نشان دهنده نقش برجسته آنها در محصول­دهی بود. ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه به­جز پرنیان با کسب عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتر، برای کشت در اراضی شور مناسب تشخیص داده شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Water Deficit on Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Six Salt Tolerant Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahman Pasban Eslam
Assoc. Prof. of Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

To recognize the effects of water deficit stress on physiological and agronomic responses of salt tolerant safflower genotypes, and introducing indices to selecting drought tolerant genotypes of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in saline soils (6.7 dS m-1) of the East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2017-18. The experimental factors included drought stress (non-stressed and stressed from flowering to maturity (and six fall safflower genotypes including: Padideh, Golemehr, Mexico14, Mexico248, Mexico295 and Parnian. Drought stress increased leaf temperature and decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll index and also grain number per capitulum, oil percent, grain and oil yields significantly. Significant differences were seen among the genotypes in the above-mentioned indices (except for leaf temperature), yield components and seed and oil yields. Correlations among leaf temperature, RWC, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll index with each other and with seed and oil yields were significant. Therefore, these indices (except for leaf temperature) can be used to select drought-tolerant fall genotypes of safflower in the region. Correlation among capitulum number per plant and grain number per capitulum with each other and seed and oil yields, were positive and significant. Hence, these yield components had important role in productivity. Golemehr, Mexico 14, Mexico 248 and Mexico 295 genotypes indicated higher seed and oil yields. It seems that the above four genotypes could be adapted to cultivate in saline areas around Urmia Lake and areas with similar climate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Leaf chlorophyll index
  • Leaf temperatures
  • Relative water content
  • Stomatal conductance

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 32، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 105-114

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