اثرات تنش کمبود آب روی واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ متحمل به شوری (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

نویسنده

دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف مطالعه شناسایی اثرات کمبود آب روی بازتاب­های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی ارقام متحمل به شوری گلرنگ و معرفی شاخص­های گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی بودند. آزمایش به­صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اراضی شور (7/6 دسی زیمنس بر متر) با بافت خاک لوم رسی در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی سال زراعی  97-1396 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی خشکی با دو سطح: بدون تنش و تنش از گل‌دهی تا رسیدگی دانه و فاکتور فرعی شش ژنوتیپ­ متحمل به­شوری گلرنگ شامل: پدیده، گل‌مهر، مکزیک 14، مکزیک 248، مکزیک 295 و پرنیان بودند. شاخص­های مقدار نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، هدایت روزنه، کلروفیل برگ و تعداد دانه در طبق، درصد روغن، عملکرد دانه و روغن در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش و دمای برگ افزایش معنی­دار (به­ترتیب 5 و یک درصد برای تعداد دانه در طبق و سایر صفات) نشان دادند. مقادیر آنها به­جز دمای برگ بین ژنوتیپ­ها تفاوت معنی­­دار داشت. همبستگی بین این شاخص­ها با عملکرد دانه و روغن معنی­دار ( به­ترتیب 5 و یک درصد برای کلروفیل و سایر صفات) بود. بنابراین شاخص­های RWC، هدایت روزنه و کلروفیل برگ می­توانند برای گزینش ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی گلرنگ به­کار روند. وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار بین تعداد طبق در بوته و تعداد دانه در طبق با عملکرد دانه و روغن، نشان دهنده نقش برجسته آنها در محصول­دهی بود. ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه به­جز پرنیان با کسب عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتر، برای کشت در اراضی شور مناسب تشخیص داده شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Water Deficit on Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Six Salt Tolerant Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahman Pasban Eslam
Assoc. Prof. of Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

To recognize the effects of water deficit stress on physiological and agronomic responses of salt tolerant safflower genotypes, and introducing indices to selecting drought tolerant genotypes of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in saline soils (6.7 dS m-1) of the East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2017-18. The experimental factors included drought stress (non-stressed and stressed from flowering to maturity (and six fall safflower genotypes including: Padideh, Golemehr, Mexico14, Mexico248, Mexico295 and Parnian. Drought stress increased leaf temperature and decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll index and also grain number per capitulum, oil percent, grain and oil yields significantly. Significant differences were seen among the genotypes in the above-mentioned indices (except for leaf temperature), yield components and seed and oil yields. Correlations among leaf temperature, RWC, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll index with each other and with seed and oil yields were significant. Therefore, these indices (except for leaf temperature) can be used to select drought-tolerant fall genotypes of safflower in the region. Correlation among capitulum number per plant and grain number per capitulum with each other and seed and oil yields, were positive and significant. Hence, these yield components had important role in productivity. Golemehr, Mexico 14, Mexico 248 and Mexico 295 genotypes indicated higher seed and oil yields. It seems that the above four genotypes could be adapted to cultivate in saline areas around Urmia Lake and areas with similar climate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Leaf chlorophyll index
  • Leaf temperatures
  • Relative water content
  • Stomatal conductance
Alikhani B, 2013. Climatology of Iran (Geography Branch). Peyameh Nour University Publication. 236 p. (In Persian).
Ashrafi E and Razmjoo K, 2010. Irrigation regimes effect on oil content and composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Journal of the American Chemists Society 87: 499-506.
Bahrami F, Arzani A and Karimi V, 2014. Evaluation of yield-based drought tolerance indices for screening safflower genotypes. Agronomy Journal 106: 1219-1224.
Bassil BS and Kaffka SR, 2002. Response of safflower
 (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation. II Crop response to salinity. Agricultural Water Management 54: 81-92.
Bortolheiro FPAP and Silva MA, 2017. Physiological response and productivity of safflower lines under water deficit and rehydration. Annuals of the Brazilian Academy of Science 89: 3051-3066.
Carcova J, Maddonni GA and Ghersa CM, 1998. Crop water stress index of three maize hybrids grown in soils with different quality. Field Crops Research 55: 165-174.
Daneshmand A, Shirani-Rad AH, Darvish F, Ardakani A, Zarei G and Ghooshchi F, 2006. Effect of drought stress on qualities and quantities of yield, yield components and relative water content in rapeseed cultivars. No. 3. p. 19, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Speciality Meeting.
Esendel E, Kevesoglu KE, Ulsa N and Aytac S, 1992. Performance of late autumn and spring planted safflower under limited environment. Pp. 221-280. Proceeding of the Third International Safflower Conference, 14-18 Jun. China.
Golestani-Araghi S and Assad MT, 1998. Evaluation of four screening techniques for drought resistance and their relationship to yield reduction ratio in wheat. Euphytica 103: 293-299.
Istanbulluoglu A, Gocmen E, Gezer E, Pasa C and Konukcu F, 2009. Effects of water stress at different development stages on yield and water productivity of winter and summer safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Agricultural Water Management 96: 1429–1434.
Johnson DA and Rumbaugh MD, 1995. Genetic variation and inheritance characteristics for carbon isotope discrimination in alfalfa. Range Management Journal 48: 126-131.
Koutroubas SD, Papakosta DK and Doitsinis A, 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crops Research 90: 263-274.
Kumar A and Singh DP, 1998. Use of physiological indices as screening technique for drought tolerance in oil seed Brassica species. Annual of Botany 81: 413-420.
Mirnezami-Ziabari SH and Sanei-Shariatpanah M. 1994. Usual Methods in Fats and Oils Analysis. Mashhad Astaneh Gods. (In Persian).
Noroozi M and Kazemeini SA, 2013. Effect of irrigation deficit and plant density on growth and seed yield of safflower. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10: 781-788. (In Persian with English abstract).
Omidi, AH, 2016. Evaluation of new safflower cultivars lines for seed yield in saline regions of the country. Final Report of Research. No. 52203, 17p. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Karaj. (In Persian).
Omidi-Tabrizi AH, 2006. Stability and adaptability estimates of some safflower cultivars and lines in different environmental conditions. Agricultural Science Technology Journal 8:141-151.
Omidi-Tabrizi AH, Gannadha MR and Peygambari SA, 2008. Study of important agronomic traits in spring cultivars of safflower by multivariate statistical methods. Iranian Agriculture Science Journal 30: 817-826. (In Persian with English abstract).
Pasban Eslam B, 2015. Effects of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and its
components in safflower Padideh cv. in Tabriz region. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 30 (2): 223-236. (In Persian with English abstract).
Pasban Eslam B, 2012. Effect of drought stress on seed and oil yields of safflower fall genotypes. Iranian Agronomy Science Journal 42: 275-283. (In Persian with English abstract).
Pasban Eslam B, 2011. Evaluation of physiological indices for improving water deficit tolerance in spring safflower. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 13: 327-338.
Pasban Eslam B, 2004. Evaluation yield and yield components in new spineless safflower genotypes. Iranian Agriculture Science Journal 35: 869-874. (In Persian with English abstract).
Salem N, Msaada K, Dhifi W, Sriti J, Mejri H, Liman F and Marzouk B, 2014. Effect of drought on safflower natural dyes and their biological activity. Excli Journal 13: 1-8.
Safavi SM, Pourdad SS and Safavi SA, 2013. Evaluation of drought tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under non stress and drought stress conditions. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 1(9): 1086-1093.
Sharghi Y, Shirani-Rad, AH, Ayeneh B and A, Nourmohammadi G and Zahedi H, 2011. Yield and yield components of six canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars affected by planting date and water deficit stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(46): 9309-9313.
Sinclair TR and Ludlow MM, 1985. Who taught plants thermodynamics? The unfulfilled potential of plant water potential. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 12: 213-217.
Shiresmaeili GH, Maghsudimood AA, Khajueinejad GR and Abdolshahi R, 2018. Yield and oil percentage of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in spring and summer planting seasons affected by drought stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 12: 237-252. (In Persian with English abstract).
Weinberg ZG, Landau SY, Bar-Tal A, Chen Y, Gamburg M, Brener S and Dvash L, 2005. Ensiling safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative winter forage crop. p 169. In: Park RS, Strong MD (Eds.). Proceedings of the 15th International Silage Conference. Belfast, Northern Ireland, July 3-6. Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.
Yari P and Keshtkar AH, 2016. Correlation between traits and path analysis of safflower grain yield under water stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 14: 427-437. (In Persian with English abstract).
Zareie S, Mohamadi-Nejad G and Sardouie-Nasab S, 2013. Screening of Iranian safflower genotypes under water deficit and normal conditions using tolerance indices. Australian Journal of Crop Science 7: 1032-1037.