تاثیر چهار روش خاک ورزی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و عملکرد شبدر برسیم (Trifolium alexandrinum L) در کشت دوم زمینهای شالیزاری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه گیلان

2 دانش آموختگان کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار گروه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

خاکورزی از اجزای مهم مدیریت خاک است، آزمایشی به‌ صورت بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در کرت‌هایی به ابعاد 10 متر پس از برداشت برنج در اراضی شالیزاری انجام شد. چهار تیمار خاکورزی شامل خاکورزی اولیه با گاوآهن برگرداندار+ خاکورزی ثانویه با روتیواتور (T1)، دو بار خاکورزی با گاوآهن برگرداندار در جهت عمود بر هم (T2)، بدون خاکورزی (T3) و یک ‌بار خاکورزی با گاوآهن برگرداندار (T4) بودند. شبدر برسیم (Trifolium alexandrinum) به‌عنوان کشت دوم پس از برداشت انتخاب شد. شش ماه پس از کاشت نمونه‌برداری از خاک صورت گرفت و عملکرد شبدر تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه (MWD)، میانگین هندسی قطر خاکدانه (GMD)، عملکرد شبدر، مقاومت مکانیکی خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری و تخلخل خاک در روشهای مختلف خاک‌ورزی اختلاف معنی‌داری دارد، کمترین عملکرد و بیشترین مقدار MWD، GMD، مقاومت مکانیکی خاک و جرم مخصوص ظاهری مربوط به تیمار T3 بود. تیمار T1 بیش‌ترین عملکرد محصول را داشت، علت آن ‌هم تخلخل بیشتر، مقاومت مکانیکی و جرم مخصوص ظاهری کم‌تر و کوچک بودن اندازه خاکدانه های ایجادشده به‌وسیله روتیواتور است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه روش بدون خاک‌ورزی باعث افزایش قطر و بهبود پایداری خاکدانه می‌شود، ولی به دلیل فشردگی خاک و افزایش جرم مخصوص ظاهری و مقاومت مکانیکی خاک منجر به افت عملکرد محصول می شود، درحالی‌که استفاده از گاوآهن برگردان‌دار و روتیواتور نسبت به سایر روشها باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و افزایش عملکرد محصول کشت دوم در اراضی شالیزاری می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Compared Four Tillage Methods on Some Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) in the Second Crop in paddy fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Shabanpour 1
  • Fereshte Gholami 2
  • H Iran khah 2
  • M Rasouli 2
1 Assoc. Prof., Soil Sciences Department, University of Guilan, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student of Soil Science, University of Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil tillage is an important element of soil management. Tillage type implement depends on factors, such as soil structure, aggregate stability, texture, crop rotation, erosion potential, moisture conditions and time of cultivation. This experiment was carried out with four treatments with three replications as a randomized complete block design. The treatments were tillage with moldboardplough plus rotivator (T1), twice crossover tillage with moldboard plough (T2), no tillage (T3) and once tillage with moldboardplough (T4). Berseem clover was selected as the second cropping production. Soil samples were taken and yield of production was determined after six month. The results showed that mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), yield of production, penetration resistance, bulk density, porosity and aggregate size in different tillage methods had significant differences. Compare mean showed the minimum of yield and the maximum of MWD, GMD, penetration resistance and bulk density were all related to no tillage treatment, while the maximum yield obtained from T1 treatment. It may be caused by the higher porosity, lower penetration resistance and bulk density and smaller size of aggregates resulted by the rotivator. Result shows that however no tillage method caused the increase of diameter and improvement of aggregate stability, it also caused soil compaction, higher bulk density and penetration resistance, these factors will result in the decreasing of yield. Whereas, the use of moldboardplough and rotivator has the better result than other methods of improvement of soil physical properties and increasing in second cropping of yield production in paddy fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Berseem clover
  • paddy fields
  • Product yield
  • Second crop
  • Soil physical properties

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 30، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 133-144

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