تکامل خاک در سطوح مختلف ژئومورفیک یک نیمرخ ارتفاعی-اقلیمی در جنوب‌شرق اردبیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

تکامل خاک حاصل ترکیبی از فرآیندهای ژئومورفولوژیک و پدولوژیک است. در این مطالعه، تغییرات مکانی ویژگی­های خاک و نیز تکامل خاک در سطوح مختلف ژئومورفیک شامل دشت­سر انتهایی، دشت­سر فرسایشی، سطوح شیبدار، سطوح هموار، هورست، نهشته دریاچه، مخروطه افکنه، خط­الراس و سیرک در یک نیمرخ ارتفاعی- اقلیمی در جنوب شرق اردبیل، بررسی گردید. بدین منظور، مطالعات صحرایی و آزمایشهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و کانی­شناسی رس بر روی خاکهای نمونه برداری شده   از 12 خاکرخ در منطقه انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت شدت هوادیدگی و نوع فرآیندهای خاک­سازی در سطوح مختلف ژئومورفیک، تأثیر زیادی بر ویژگی­ها و تکامل خاک­های منطقه شامل رده های ورتی­سول­ها، مالی­سول­ها، اینسپتی­سول­ها و انتی­سول­ها داشته است. اسمکتیت، ورمی­کولیت، کائولینیت و ایلیت به­ترتیب کانی­های رس اصلی خاک­های تکامل یافته را تشکیل می دادند. مقدار نسبی اسمکتیت از 5/78 درصد در دشت­سر انتهایی تا 3/12 درصد در خاک­های خط­الراس متغیر بود. همچنین، مقایسه آماری فاصله اطمینان میانگین آهن بلورین(Fed-Feo)  به روش بوت استراپ نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین سطوح ژئومورفیک از لحاظ تکامل خاک وجود­داشت. بیشترین مقدار آهن بلورین با میانگین 372/6 گرم بر کیلوگرم در دشت­سر انتهایی با خاک ورتی­سول و کمترین آن با میانگین913/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم در مخروطه افکنه با خاک انتی­سول مشاهده شد. بر اساس آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن، آهن بلورین با رس، کربنات کلسیم معادل، اسیدیتی و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی رابطه مستقیم، اما با شن و کربن آلی رابطه معکوس داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Soil Evolution at Different Geomorphic Surfaces of an Elevation-Climatic Profile in Southeast of Ardabil

نویسندگان [English]

  • afshin mohammadi 1
  • Ali Asghar Jafarzadeh 2
  • shahin oustan 2
  • Farzin Shahbazi 3
1 Ph.D student, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Prof, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil evolution is a combination of geomorphological and pedological processes. In this study, the spatial variation of soil characteristics as well as  soil evolution were investigated in  different geomorphic surfaces including epandage pediment, erosion pediment, slope surfaces, smooth surfaces, horst, lake deposits, alluvial fan, mountain ridge and circgue in a elevation-climatic profile located in Southeast of Ardabil. For this, field studies and physicochemical as well as clay mineralogical analyses were performed on the samples taken from 12 profiles. The results showed that weathering rate and type of soil forming processes had significant effects on properties and evolution of the identified soils (Vertisols, Mollisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols orders) in different geomorphic surfaces. Smectite, vermiculite, kaolinite, and illite were the major clay minerals of the evolved soils. The relative amount of smectite varied from 78.5% at the epandage pediment to 12.3% at the mountain ridge. Also, statistical comparison of the mean confidence interval for the crystalline iron (Fed-Feo) by Bootstrap method showed a significant difference between geomorphic surfaces in terms of soil evolution. The highest amount of crystalline iron with an average of 6.372 g kg-1 was observed in vertisols of the epandage pediment, while the lowest one with an average of 0.913 g kg-1 was found in Entisols of the alluvial fan. According to Spearman correlation test, crystalline iron had a direct relationship with clay percentage, calcium carbonate equivalent, pH and cation exchange capacity, but inversely related to sand and organic carbon.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clay minerals
  • Crystaline iron
  • Geomorphology
  • Soil forming processes
  • Soil profile
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