ارزیابی بهره‌وری آب سامانه‌های آبیاری بارانی و سطحی در مزارع ذرت علوفه‌ای (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بهبهان)

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 فریبرز عباسی، استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی از اجرای این تحقیق، اندازه‌گیری مستقیم و مزرعه‌ای آب مصرفی ذرت علوفه‌ای تحت مدیریت کشاورزان و تعیین بهره‌وری آب در بهبهان بود. بدین ترتیب، حجم آب مصرف شده برای ذرت علوفه‌ای در شهرستان بهبهان در سامانه‌های آبیاری بارانی و سطحی و منابع آبی مختلف در طول یک فصل زراعی (96-1395) اندازه‌گیری شد. مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده با نیاز آبی خالص به روش پنمن- مانتیث برآورد و با مقادیر سند ملی آب مقایسه گردید. میانگین عملکرد در دو سامانه بارانی و سطحی 58329 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بود. بهره‌وری آب در مزارع از 91/3 تا 71/13 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب در نوسان بود. میانگین راندمان کاربرد ذرت علوفه‌ای در سامانه آبیاری بارانی به میزان 3/73 درصد به ثبت رسید. حجم آب مصرفی ذرت علوفه‌ای در سامانه آبیاری سطحی 9778 و در مزارع آبیاری بارانی 6991 مترمکعب بر هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نیاز آبی خالص به روش پنمن- مانتیث و سند ملی آب دو سامانه آبیاری در آزمون تی نشان داد که میانگین نیاز آبی خالص با مقدار 6/439 میلی‌متر اختلاف معنی‌داری با سند ملی به میزان 8/581 میلی‌متر دارد. مقایسه ضرایب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد روند تغییرات بهره‌وری آب با روند تغییرات راندمان کاربرد ذرت روندی هم‌راستا و معنی‌دار در سطح 5 درصد را نشان می‌دهد. بدیهی است با افزایش راندمان کاربرد، بهره‌وری آب افزایش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of water productivity of sprinkler and surface irrigation systems in Silage maize fields (case study in Behbahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nader Salamati 1
  • Fariborz Abbasi 2
1 Research Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Fariborz Abbasi, Scientific Broad Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main objective of this project was to measure water consumption of silage maize under farm management. Thus, the volume of water consumed for Silage maize in Behbahan was measured in sprinkler and surface irrigation systems and various water resources during one season (2016-2017). The measured values of the net water requirement were estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and also compared with the national document values. The average yield in surface and sprinkler irrigation systems was 58329 kgha-1. Water productivity varied from 3.91 to 13.71 kg per cubic meter in all fields. The average of application efficiency in sprinkler irrigation systems was 73.3%. The average amount of water consumed by Silage maize in surface irrigation farms was 9778 and in farms irrigated by sprinkler systems was 6991 cubic meters per hectare. Comparison of the average of net water requirement calculated by the Penmann-Montieth and those obtained from the national water document using the T test showed a significant difference being 440 and 582 mm, respectively. Comparison of the Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the trend of changes in water productivity with trend of changes in maize yield was significant at 5% level. Obviously, by increasing the application efficiency, water productivity has increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Application"
  • "water"
  • "requirement"
  • "volume"
  • "consumed"
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