تأثیرآبشویی یک خاک شور- سدیمی تیمار‌شده با دو نوع ماده آلی بر شوری و سدیمی بودن خاک و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم درجو

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد گروه خاکشناسی، واحدعلوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد مواد آلی در خاک‌های شور-سدیمی می‌تواند در اصلاح ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک بدون نیاز به مواد شیمیایی مؤثر باشد. در تحقیق حاضرآزمایش‌های آبشویی یک نوع خاک شور-سدیمی با بافت لوم رسی در ستون‌های آزمایشگاهی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل خرد‌شده با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای اصلی: 1) نوع ماده اصلاح‌کننده شامل کود دامی و کمپوست، 2) سطح ماده اصلاح کننده شامل یک، سه و پنج درصد وزنی و 3) مرحله آبشویی در پنج سطح شامل: بدون آبشویی، یک بار، دو بار، سه بار و چهار بار آبشویی با فواصل 30 روزه بود. تمامی ستون‌ها بعد از اضافه کردن اصلاح‌کننده‌ها به مدت 30 روز تحت انکوباسیون قرار گرفته و سپس آبشویی شدند. صفات در هر ستون، در سه عمق به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بررسی شد. در پایان ماه چهارم از آزمایش‌های انکوباسیون و آبشویی، شوری خاک از 15 به زیر پنج دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و نسبت جذب سدیم از 3/20 به زیر13رسید. پس از مشخص شدن بهترین سطح آبشویی، خاک ستون‌های مربوط به آن هوا‌خشک گردید و گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) رقم بهمن به‌صورت گلدانی در آن کشت شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار (شش تیمار اصلاح کننده‌های آلی و شاهد) و سه تکرار انجام گرفت. کاربرد سطح یک درصد وزنی از کود دامی و کمپوست، غلظت نیتروژن را به ترتیب 8/33 و 5/40 درصد، غلظت فسفر را 7/35 و 3/43 درصد و غلظت پتاسیم را 7/8 و 2/19 درصد در بخش هوایی افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Leaching a Saline-Sodic Soil, Amended with Two Types of Organic Matters on Salinity and Sodicity of Soil and N, P and K Concentration in Barley

نویسندگان [English]

  • elnaz Sabbagh Tazeh 1
  • mohammad reza neyshaboury 2
  • ebrahim pazira 3
1 Department of Soil Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Tabriz University
3 Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Application of organic fertilizers in saline-sodic soils, can be helpful in their reclamation without chemical amendments. In this research, leaching experiments of a sline-sodic soil with clay loam texture in laboratory columns was conducted in CRD as split factorial. Main factors were: 1) amendment type including manure and compost, 2) amendment application rate including 1, 3 and 5 percentage by weight and 3) leaching stage with 5 levels including: without leaching, once, twice, three times and four times leaching with 30 days intervals. All columns were incubated for 30 days after the addition of amendments and then were leached. The parameters in each column, were studied in three depths as subplot. After the forth month of incubation-leaching period, the EC and SAR of all soil samples decreased from 15 to below 5dSm-1 and from 20.3 to below 13 (mmolc L-1)0.5, respectively. After determining the best level of leaching, the soil of that columns was air-dried and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bahman cultivar) was cultivated in that soil. Pot experiment was conducted in CRD with 7 treatments (control and 6 amendments levels) and 3 replicate. Application of 1% by weight of manure and compost increased nitrogen concentration by 33.8 and 40.5 percentage, phosphorus concentration by 35.7 and 43.3 percentage, and potassium concentration by 8.7 and 19.2 percentage in shoot, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compost
  • Manure
  • Nutrients
  • Sodium Adsorption Ratio
  • Soil Reclamation

مراجع

Blake GR and Hartge KH, 1986. Bulk density. Pp. 363-382. In: Klute A (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1, Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Bower CA, Reitemeier F and Fireman M, 1952. Exchangeable-cation analysis of saline and alkali soils.    
           Soil Science 73: 251-261.
Clark GJ, Dodgshun N, Sale PWG and Tang C, 2007. Changes in chemical and biological properties of a  
            sodic clay subsoil with addition of organic amendments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39: 2806-2817.
Cote CM, Bristow K and Ross PJ, 2000. Increasing the efficiency of solute leaching: Impacts of flow
             interruption with drainage of the preferential flow paths. Journal of Contaminated Hydrology 43:191- 209.

Cowell AJ, 1955. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus in plant materials. Science of Food and  

           Agriculture 6:479-480.

Elias Azar Kh, 2002. Reclamation of Salince and Sodic Soils. Jahad Daneshgahi Press. (In Persian).
Elsharawy MAO, Elbording MM and Sedeka AA, 2008. Improvement of a salt affected soil on Bahr EL-Bakar area using certain industrial by products. Journal of Applied Science and Research 47: 839-846.
Gee GW and Bauder JW, 1986. Particle size analysis. Pp. 383-411. In: Klute A (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Grattan SR and Grieve CM, 1992. Mineral element acquisition and growth response of plants grown insaline environments. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 38: 275–300.
Hanay A, Buyuksonmez F, Kiziloglu FM and Canbolat MY, 2004. Reclamation of saline and sodic soils with gypsum and MSW compost. Compost Science Utilization 12: 175-179.
Heald WR, 1965. Calcium and Magnesium. Pp. 999-1010. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds). 
              Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition, Agron.
              Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, USA.
Hussain N, Hassan G, Arshadullah M and Mujeeb F, 2001. Evaluation of amendments for the improvement of physical properties of sodic soil. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 3: 319-322.
Jalali M and Ranjbar F, 2009. Effects of sodic water on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in poultry and
             sheep manure amended soils. Geoderma 1531: 194-204.
Jones BJ, 2001. Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, USA.
Kalich S and Golchin A, 2007. Effect of gypsum with organic acidic and non acidic wastes on remediation of a saline and sodic soil. Pp. 1348-1349. Proceedings of the Tenth International Soil Science Conference. 26-28 August, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
Khosravanine Nejad F, Heydari R and Farboodnia T, 2009. Growth and inorganic solute accumulation of two varieties in salinity. Pakistan Journal of Biologycal Science 12:168-172.  
Klute A, 1986. Water retention: laboratory methods. Pp. 635-662. In: Klute A (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Knudsen D, Paterson GA  and Pratt PF, 1982. Lithium, sodium and potasium. Pp. 225-246. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds),  Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Lakhdar A, Hafsi C, Rabhi M, Debez A, Montemurro F, Abdelly C, Jedidi N and Ouerghi Z, 2008.
             Application of municipal solid waste compost reduces the negative effects of saline water in
             Hordeum maritimum L. Bioresource Technology 99: 7160-7167. 
Lakhdar A, Rabhi M, Ghnaya T, Montemurro F, Jedidi N and Abdelly C, 2009. Effectiveness of compost use in salt-affected soil. Journal of Hazardous  Materials 171: 29-37.
Lax A, Diaz E, Castillo V and Albaladejo J, 1994. Reclamation of physical and chemical properties of a
            salinized soil by organic amendment. Arid Soil Research Rehabilitation 8: 9–17.
Li H and Keren R, 2009. Calcareous sodic soil reclamation as affected by corn stalk application and        incubation: A laboratory study. Pedosphere 19: 465-675.
Malakooti MJ and Homaii M, 1994. Arid and Semi Arid Fertility, Problems and Solutions. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. (In Persian).
Malakooti MJ and Nafisi J, 1994. Fertilizer Application in Agricultural Lands. Tarbiat Modarres University Press (In Persian). 
Moameni A, 2010. Geographical distribution and salinity levels of soil resources of Iran. Soil Researchs  
            24: 203-215. (In Persian with English abstract).
Muhammad S, Muller TM and Joegensen R, 2007. Compost and P amendments for stimulating   microorganisms and maize growth in a saline soil from Pakistan in comparison with a nonsaline soil from Germany. Journal of Plant Nutrition 170: 745-751.
Muraoka T and Dos Santos RV, 2006. Nutrition of Vigha Plants on a Gypsum-Amended Saline- Sodic Soils. Pp. 438-439, Springer, The Netherlands.
Nelson DW and Sommers LE, 1986. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pp. 539-579 . In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds),  Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Olsen SR and Sommers LE, 1982. Phosphorus. Pp. 403-430. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Oster JD, 1982. Gypsum usage in irrigated agriculture: A review. Fertility Research 3:73-89.
Qadir M, Ghafoor A and Murtaza G, 2001. Use of saline–sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline–sodic soils. Agrcultural Water Management 50:197–210.
Richards LA, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Handbook 60 USDA, US Gov. Print. Office, Washington DC.
Rhoades JD, 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Pp. 417–435. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Sadiq M, Hassan G, Mehdi SM, Hussain N and Jamil M, 2007. Amelioration of saline-sodic soils with tillage implements and sulfuric acid application. Pedosphere 17: 182-190.
Tejada M, Garcia C, Gonzalez GL and Hernandez MT, 2006. Use of organic amendments as a strategy for saline soil remediation: Influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 1413-1421.
Thomas GW, 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. Methods of Soil Analysis. Pp. 475-490. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Walker DJ and Bernal MP, 2008. The effects of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the               availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology 99:396-         
              403.
Waling I, Vark  WV, Houba VJG and Van der Lee JJ, 1989. Soil and Plant Analysis, a Series of Syllabi.    Part 7, Plant Analysis Procedures, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. 
 
دانش آب و خاک
دوره 31، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 119-133

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار