Alam Z, 2012. The effect of lattice crown in reducing scour of bridge support. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of River Engineering, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian with English abstract).
Anonymous, 2012. Report of the National Roads and Transportation Organization on the Stability of Bridges, Tehran. (In Persian with English abstract).
Balouchi M, 2010. Scour Controlling Around Bridge Piers by Changing the Shape of Collar. VDM publishing, the Germany.
Bakhshpuri K and Yahyaei S, 2016. Evaluation of collar performance in reducing the depth of scour of the bridge base. National Conference on Civil Engineering and Sustainable Development, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
Chow VT, 1989. Hand book of Applied Hydrology. Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New York.
Chiew YM and Melville BW, 1987. Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 25(1): 15-26.
Dargahi B, 1990. Controlling mechanism of local scouring. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. 116(10): 1197-1214.
Defanti E, Dipasquale G and Poggi D, 2010. An experimental study of scour at bridge piers: collars as a counter measure, P.6. In proceeding of the 1st European Congress IAHR, Edinburg. UK.
Dey S, 2009. Maximum scour depth at pier in around beds. Journal of Civil Engineering. 13(2): 137-142.
Gogus M and Dogan A, 2013. Effect of collars on scour reduction at bridge abutments. ASCE. 15(2): 130-140.
Izadinia E and Heidarpour M, 2016. Simultaneous use of cable and collar to prevent local scouring around bridge pier, International Journal of Sediment Research, 27(5): 394-401.
Jalili A, 2014. The effect of using mesh crown on scouring of bridge foundations. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
Kayaturk SY, 2005. Scour and scour protection at bridge abutment. PhD. Thesis, Middle East Technical University.
Khademi Kh, Khozeymeh Nezhad H and Shafaei Bajestan M, 2010. Irregular harvesting of riverine materials in Khuzestan province Third National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Networks Management. Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian with English abstract).
Khozeymeh Nezhad H, Ghomeshi M and Shafai Bejestan M, 2012. Investigation of collar in different sizes and bed level as a bridge abutment scour countermeasure. Ecology Environment and Conservation, 18(4): 963-966.
Khozeymeh Nezhad H and Ghomeshi M, 2013. Comparison of symmetrical and unsymmetrical rectangular collars on scour reduction of bridge abutment. Middle East journal of Scientific Research, 18(8): 1099-1104.
Khosravi Nia P, Hosseinzadeh Dalir AS, Farsadizadeh D and Fakheri Fard B, 2010. The effect of collar in reducing scour around the breakwaters. Water and Soil- University of Tabriz. (In Persian with English abstract).
Melville BW, 1997. Pier and abutment scour. Integrated approach. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 132(2): 125-136.
Monocad MAT, Aguirre-pe J, Bolivar JG and Flores EJ, 2009. Scour protection of circular bridge pier with collars and slots. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 47(1): 119-126.
Neill CR, 1973. Guide to Bridge. Hydraulic University of Toronto Press. Toronto, Canada.
Raudkivi A, 1999. Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(3): 338-350.
Samer M, 1993. Time development of local scour at bridge pier. MSC. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Sani Khani H, Hosseinzadeh Dalir AS and Farsadizadeh D, 2008. Application of rectangular and circular collars
in reducing scouring of bridge piers. Journal of Agricultural Science University of Tabriz. 7 (4): 1-16. (In
Persian with English abstract).
Singh CP, Setia B and Verma DVS, 2009. Collar-Sleeve combination as a scour protection device around a circular pier. Proceedings of 29th congress on Hydraulics of Rivers, Water Works and Machinery, September, Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society, Beijing, China.
)