تاثیر پلیمر سوپر جاذب A200 و کود دامی بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در ارقام مختلف گندم

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر پلیمر سوپر جاذب A200 و کود دامی بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در ارقام مختلف گندم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ساعتلوی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی اجرا شد. فاکتور اول آبیاری در دو سطح مطلوب (آبیاری بعد از 75 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A) و تنش خشکی (آبیاری بعد از 220 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A) انجام شد فاکتور دوم سوپرجاذب 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کود دامی 40 تن در هکتار، مصرف توام آنها و شاهد (بدون مصرف سوپر جاذب و کود دامی) و فاکتور سوم ارقام گندم آبی (میهن، حیدری و زرینه) بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه را به میزان 32 درصد کاهش داد. مصرف جداگانه کود دامی، سوپر جاذب و مصرف توام آنها در مقایسه با شاهد، عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب به میزان 20، 22 و 33 درصد افزایش داد. مصرف پلیمر سوپر جاذب و کود دامی با افزایش دسترسی گیاه به آب و کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی، باعث بهبود اجزای عملکرد دانه (شامل وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله) در ارقام مختلف گندم شد و در نهایت سبب افزایش عملکرد گردید. با آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی، بیشترین درآمد حاصل از عملکرد دانه و کاه و کلش با مصرف کود دامی و با رقم حیدری بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer A200 and Manure Fertilizer on Reducing Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Different Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Gholinezhad 1
  • Alireza Eivazi 2
1 Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Seed and Plant, Department of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of super absorbent polymer (A200) and manure on reducing drought stress effects in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications. This study was done at the research field of Agricultural Research Center, West-Azerbaijan (Saatlo) during 2017-2018 cropping seasons. The first factor was irrigation at two levels: normal conditions (irrigation after 75 mm evaporation from class A pan) and drought stress conditions (irrigation after 220 mm evaporation from class A pan). The second factor was super absorbent polymer 200 kg ha-1, manure 40 ton ha-1, their concomitant application and the control (no manure) and the third factor included wheat cultivars (Mihan, Heidari and Zarineh). The results indicated that drought stress, as compared to the normal irrigation reduced grain yield about 32%. Separate and concomitant application of super absorbent polymer and manure in comparison with the control, increased grain yield by 20, 22 and 33%, respectively. Between cultivars, Mihan cultivar for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, grain per spike and spike per square meter was superior under two different moisture conditions. Application super absorbent polymer and manure with increasing plant access to water and decreasing drought stress led to improved grain yield components including, 1000-kernel weight and grain per spike in wheat different cultivars that cause to increased grain yield. Under optimum irrigation and drought stress conditions, the highest income from grain yield and straw was obtained from the use of manure and Heidari cultivar.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Cultivar"
  • "Grain yield"
  • "Irrigation"
  • "Manure fertilizer"
  • "Super absorbent"
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