توزیع شکل‌های مختلف سرب، روی، کادمیم و مس در یک خاک آهکی آلوده

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی سرب، روی، کادمیم و مس در دو غلظت و سه pH مختلف در یک خاک آهکی بود. سرب و روی در دو غلظت 1 و 10 میلی‌مول بر کیلوگرم و مس و کادمیم در دو غلظت 1/0 و 1 میلی‌مول برکیلوگرم از منبع نمک نیتراتی در سه سطح  pH6، 7 و 8 به خاک افزوده شدند. نسبت خاک به محلول 1 به 20 در نظر گرفته شد. خاک‌ها در دمای C° 1 ± 30  به‌مدت 30 روز در انکوباتور نگهداری شدند. شکل‌های شیمیایی فلزها در خاک به روش تسیر تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که pH بر توزیع شکل‌های سرب و روی بومی خاک تأثیر نداشت. با افزایش pH از 6 به 8، شکل باقی‌مانده مس بومی کاهش یافته و شکل آلی آن افزایش یافت. با توجه به حد تعیین مقدار (LOQ) دستگاه جذب اتمی، کادمیم بومی خاک قابل اندازه‌گیری نبود. تأثیر pH بر توزیع فلزها بین شکل‌های مختلف بسته به نوع فلز و غلظت آن متفاوت بود. شکل­های اکسیدی و آلی در غلظت کم سرب و شکل‌های اکسیدی و کربناتی در غلظت زیاد این فلز غالب بودند. همچنین، روی و مس افزوده شده به‌ترتیب بیشتر به شکل‌های اکسیدی و آلی تجمع یافتند. کادمیم افزوده شده در غلظت کم به شکل آلی و در غلظت زیاد به شکل تبادلی تجمع یافت. نتایج نشان داد که با 10 برابر شدن غلظت اولیه فلزها، فاکتور تحرک فلزها به‌طور متوسط 8/1 برابر افزایش یافت. فاکتور تحرک فلزها با افزایش pH تغییر قابل‌ملاحظه­ای نکرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of Different Forms of Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Copper in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manoochehr Ghanbari Yamchi 1
  • shahin oustan 2
  • Adel Reyhanitabar 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Soil Sci Dep, Faculty of Agric, University of Tabriz, Iran
2 Prof., Soil Sci Dep, Faculty of Agric, University of Tabriz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Soil Sci Dep, Faculty of Agric, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical forms of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu in two concentrations and three pH values in a calcareous soil. Metals as nitrate salts were added at two levels of 1.0 and 10 mmol kg-1 for Pb and Zn and at two levels of 0.1 and 1 mmol kg-1 for Cu and Cd all at three levels of pH (6, 7 and 8). The soil to solution ratio (w/v) was 1 to 20. The soils were incubated at 30±1°C for 30 days. Chemical forms of metals in the soils were determined by Tessier method. The results showed that the distribution of native forms of Pb and Zn was independent of pH. With increasing pH values from 6 to 8, the residual form of Cu decreased, whereas its organic form increased. Regarding the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the atomic absorption instrument, the native cadmium was not measurable. The effect of pH on metal distribution between different forms varied with respect to metal nature and its concentration. The oxide and organic forms were dominant in low concentration of Pb and the oxide and carbonate forms were dominant in high concentration of this metal. Moreover, the added Zn and Cu were mainly dominated in oxide and organic forms, respectively. The added Cd was accumulated in organic form at low concentration and accumulated in exchangeable form at high concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soil
  • Native metal
  • Mobility factor
  • pH
  • Tessier method

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