اثر آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری پوشش‌دار و بدون پوشش بر عملکرد و راندمان مصرف آب ذرت (Zea mays L) تحت شرایط آب و هوایی اهواز

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

به منظور کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک و افزایش راندمان مصرف آب در ذرت دانه‌ای، پژوهشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز به‌ صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 3 سطح آبیاری (100، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی)، و دو نوع لوله، نوار آبیاری قطره‌ای بالدار(نوار آبیاری با پوشش مالچ پلاستیکی به عرض 40 سانتی‌متر)، و بدون بال (بدون پوشش)، بود. برهمکنش معنی‌داری بین روش آبیاری و سطوح رطوبتی از نظر صفات تعداد برگ، وزن تر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه و وزن صد دانه ذرت مشاهده شد؛ ولی از نظر سایر صفات، برهمکنش معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه تحت تیمار رطوبتی 80 درصد نیاز آبی با میانگین 13650 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد، هرچند از این حیث، با تیمار 100 درصد  نیاز آبی اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار 60 درصد نیاز آبی با میزان 81/2 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب مشاهده شد. در بین روش‌های آبیاری نیز، آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری پوشش‌دار افزایش 13 درصدی عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب را نسبت به روش دیگر آبیاری (قطره‌ای نواری بدون پوشش)، نشان داد که علت آن را می‌توان به کاهش میزان تبخیر از سطح خاک نسبت داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Drip Irrigation on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of Corn (Zea mayze. L) Under Winged and Non- Winged Tape Under Ahwaz Climatic Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahidreza Piroozfar 1
  • Saeed Boroomandnasab 2
  • farshad salehi 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
3 PhD student in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to reduce evaporation from the soil surface and to increase the water use efficiency in maize, a research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2016-2017. The experiments were carried out using three levels of irrigation (application 100, 80 & 60 percent of the crop water requirement) and two types of tubes (with a plastic mulch cover having the width of 40 cm [winged tape] and without cover [tape without wing]). Significant interactions were observed between irrigation and moisture levels in some parameters such as number of leaves, stem fresh and dry weight and 100-seed weight, although no significant interaction were observed among the other parameters. The maximum grain yield was obtained in treatment with 80% water requirement with average weight of 13650 kg ha-1, however, it had no no meaningful difference with 100% water requirement treatment. The maximum water use efficiency was observed in treatment of 60% water requirement, with 2.81 kg/m3. Between irrigation methods, the winged method increased 13% both of the grain yield and water use efficiency compared to those with the non-winged method of irrigation in this study, which can be attributed to the reduced evaporation from the soil surface.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Efficiency irrigation
  • Evaporation
  • Plastic mulch
  • Tape drip irrigation and GrainYield
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