بررسی میدانی تاثیر مدیریت بهره‌برداری برروی تلفات آب و رسوبگذاری کانال‌های آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز.

2 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز.

3 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز.

4 محقق بازنشسته، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز.

چکیده

مدیریت بهره‌برداری از شبکه‌های آبیاری می‌تواند نقش بسیار مهمی در کارایی سخت‌افزاری و نرم‌افزاری این شبکه‌ها داشته باشد. در تحقیق حاضر با بررسی‌های میدانی در زمینه حمل رسوب معلق و راندمان انتقال آب، به تحلیل تاثیر شرایط بهره‌برداری برروی میزان رسوبگذاری و تلفات آب در شبکه‌های آبیاری استان خوزستان پرداخته شده است. برای این منظور از روش دبی ورودی-خروجی برای تعیین تلفات در کانال  و از معادله پیوستگی شار رسوبی برای تعیین رسوبگذاری بار معلق در بازه مورد مطالعه استفاده شد. در کل تعداد 14 بازه کانال درجه 1، 21 بازه کانال درجه 2 و 16 بازه کانال درجه 3 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شاخص بهره‌برداری نسبت عمق آزاد جریان آب در کانال تعیین شد. تاثیر این شاخص برروی نرخ رسوبگذاری و تلفات آب نسبت به دبی ورودی در هر کیلومتر طول کانال مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج در کانال‌های درجه 1 و 2 به ازای 10 درصد کاهش دبی بهره‌برداری نسبت به دبی طراحی، به ترتیب، 23/0 و 26/0 کیلوگرم بر ثانیه در هر کیلومتر کانال به مقدار رسوبگذاری افزوده می‌شود. همچنین با فاصله گرفتن از بالادست کانال درجه 1 معمولا عملکرد کانال‌ها کاهش نشان می‌دهد. به نحوی‌که میزان تلفات در کانال درجه 1 شبکه آبیاری کرخه 12/0 درصد در هر کیلومتر نسبت به دبی ورودی به ازای هر کیلومتر فاصله از ابتدای کانال افزایش دارد. این پارامتر برای کانال غربی و شرقی شبکه آبیاری دز به ترتیب 16/0 و 09/0 درصد نتیجه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Field Investigation of Operational Management Effect on Water Losses and Sedimentation in Irrigation Channels

نویسندگان [English]

  • P Varjavand 1
  • N Salamati 1
  • SH Absalan 2
  • A Azizi 2
  • M Goosheh 3
  • I Lakzadeh 4
1 Research Assist. Prof., Agri. Eng. Res. Dep., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz.
2 Research Inst., Agri. Eng. Res. Dep., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz.
3 Research Assist. Prof., Soi. & Wat. Res. Dep., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz.
4 Retired Researcher, Seed and Plant Imp. Res. Dep., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz.
چکیده [English]

Management of irrigation networks can play a very important role in the hardware and software performance of these networks. In this research, by conducting field studies on suspended sediment transport and conveyance efficiency, the effect of operating conditions on sedimentation and water losses at Khouzestan province irrigation networks was analyzed. The inflow-outflow method and sediment flux continuity equation were used to determine the canal losses and sedimentation of suspended load in the studied reaches, respectively. The investigation was done on 4, 21 and 16 reaches of the main, secondary and tertiary channels, respectively. The ratio of free board of flow in canal as operation index was computed. The effects of this index on sedimentation rate and water losses relative to input discharge were studied in each kilometer of the canal. Results showed that 10% decreasing in the operational discharge relative to the designed discharge caused 0.23 and 0.26 kg s-1 km-1 increasing in sedimentation rates of the main and secondary channels, respectively. As the distance from the upstream of the main channel increased, the channel efficiency decreased. So that the increasing rate of the water losses in main channel of Karkheh irrigation network was 0.12 percent of the entrance discharge in each kilometer distance from the beginning of the channel. The increasing rate of water losses for the western and eastern channel of Dez irrigation network were 0.16% and 0.09%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Input-output discharge method
  • Operation management
  • Sedimentation rate
  • Suspended load
  • Water losses
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