مقایسه الگوی توزیع عمودی رطوبت خاک تحت تاثیر آبیاری قطره‌ای -سطحی و آبیاری غرقابی-زیرزمینی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

2 مدیرعامل شرکت گوهر نجات کویر یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

به دلیل کاهش منابع آبی و افزایش دور آبیاری سنتی در باغات، روی آوردن به سیستم­های نوین آبیاری از جمله آبیاری تحت فشار امری ضروری است. اما آنچه موجب نگرانی است اثرات تغییر سیستم آبیاری از سنتی به تحت فشار از نقطه نظر تامین نیاز آبی درختان مسن و تغییر کیفیت خاک به مرور زمان می­باشد. در این مطالعه، دو روش آبیاری غرقابی-زیرزمینی و آبیاری قطره­ای- سطحی در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد اجرا شدند. سنجش رطوبت حجمی خاک در سه عمق 15، 30 و 60 سانتیمتری از سطح خاک برای هر روش آبیاری با سه تکرار در طول دوره آزمایشی(اردیبهشت تا دی 1398) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که رطوبت خاک در آبیاری قطره­ای- سطحی در عمق 15 سانتی­متری و 30 سانتی­متری در انتهای دور آبیاری بیشتر از آبیاری غرقابی-زیرزمینی بود. دو روز بعد از آبیاری اثرات آبیاری غرقابی- زیرزمینی بر توزیع رطوبت خاک در اعماق پایین­تر خاک مشهود شد، به گونه­ای که رطوبت خاک در عمق 60 سانتی­متری خاک در آبیاری غرقابی- زیرزمینی بیشتر از آبیاری قطره­ای -سطحی بود. سنجش رطوبت خاک در عمق 60 سانتی­متری خاک نشان داد روش آبیاری غرقابی -زیرزمینی قادر به طولانی کردن دور آبیاری به مدت 9 روز است. به طور کلی با توجه به شرایط حاکم بر منطقه مطالعاتی آبیاری غرقابی-زیرزمینی در راستای صرفه­جویی در مصرف آب و رساندن تدریجی آب به لایه­های زیرین خاک موثر عمل کرده است، اگرچه به دلیل کاربرد آب در زیرسطح خاک منجر به افزایش شوری خاک سطحی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Comparison of Vertical Soil Water Distribution under Surface-Drip Irrigation and Subsurface-Flood Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • bita moravejalahkami 1
  • Jalal Modiry-yazdy 2
1 Assist. Prof, Soil and Water Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
2 CEO of Gohar Nejat Kavir Yazd Company,Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to decreasing water resources and increasing irrigation interval in gardens, implementation of modern irrigation systems such as under-pressure irrigation is necessary. But the main concern is the effects of changing traditional irrigation systems to under-pressure irrigation systems from the point of view of supplying water needs of old trees and temporal variations of soil characteristics. In this study, two methods of subsurface-flood irrigation and surface-drip irrigation were implemented in Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The soil water content was monitored during the experimental period (18 May 2019 to 10 January 2020) by installing TDR probes in three soil depths of 15, 30 and 60 cm for each irrigation method with three replications. The results showed that soil water content at the soil depths of 15 cm and 30 cm were higher for surface-drip irrigation as compared to the subsurface-flood irrigation at the end of the irrigation interval. Two days after irrigation, the effects of subsurface-flood irrigation on soil moisture distribution became apparent at the deep layers of the soil, such a way that soil water content at the soil depth of 60 cm was higher for subsurface-flood than surface-drip irrigation. The measuring of the soil water content at the soil depth of 60 cm in subsurface-flood irrigation showed that the irrigation interval could be increased about 9 days as compared to the surface- drip irrigation. However, because of applying water below the soil surface for the subsurface- flood irrigation, the salinity increment occurred at surface soil.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip irrigation
  • Evaporation
  • Flood irrigation
  • Soil salinity
  • Subsurface irrigation
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