تأثیر قارچ میکوریزا روی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه گندم (Triticum aestivume L. ) در خاک‌های آلوده به آرسنیک

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، تهران،

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، تهران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، تهران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی نقش قارچ مایکوریزا در کاهش خسارت آرسنیک، آزمایشی در ورامین به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح آرسنیک (صفر، 40، 80 و 120 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و دو سطح میکوریز شامل (بدون کاربرد مایکوریزا و کاربرد مایکوریزا) در 3 تکرار بر روی گیاه گندم در سال 1397 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که برهمکنش کاربرد آرسنیک و مایکوریزا در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار گردید. افزایش غلظت آرسنیک سبب کاهش شاخص سطح برگ، کلروفیل کل، وزن هزار دانه و وزن خشک هر بوته گردید در حالی‌که سبب افزایش محتوای پرولین برگ، میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در اندام هوایی گیاه شد. کاربرد مایکوریزا در سطوح مختلف آرسنیک سبب کاهش صدمات ناشی از آن شد به‌طوری‌که منجر به افزایش اجزاء عملکرد و کاهش محتوای پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در اندام هوایی گیاه گردید. بیشترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ (88/6)، کلروفیل کل (89/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، وزن هزار دانه (3/42 گرم) و وزن خشک تک بوته (5/31 گرم) در تیمار بدون آرسنیک و کاربرد مایکوریزا و بیشترین میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (77/13 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه)، پرولین (06/4 میلی‌گرم بر گرم بافت تازه برگ) سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز ، کاتالاز و پر اکسیداز به ترتیب با 2/510، 2/182 و 18/14 واحد فعالیت، در تیمار غلظت 120 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم + عدم کاربرد مایکوریزا مشاهده شد. به‌طور‌کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا می‌تواند نقش مثبتی در کاهش تنش آرسنیک داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Wheat (Triticum aestivume L.) in Arsenic Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hoseein Safarzade 1
  • Hamid Reza Tohidi-Moghadam 2
  • Farshad Ghoshchi 3
1 Graduated Ms. C. student, Agronomy, Isalamic Azad University, Pishva-Varamin Branch, Tehran
2 Assist. Prof., Agronomy Dept., Isalamic Azad University, Pishva-Varamin Branch, Tehran
3 Assoc. Prof., Agronomy Dept, Isalamic Azad University, Pishva-Varamin Branch, Tehran
چکیده [English]

In order to study effect of mycorrhiza fungi application to reduced adverse effects of arsenic on wheat, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in Varamin, Tehran, Iran in a completely randomized design with three replication in 2018. The treatments included four levels of arsenic (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg.kg-1 of soil) and two levels mycorrhiza fungi application (with and with out mycorrhiza fungi application). The results showed that intraction effect of arsenic and mycorrhiza treatment was significant for all experimental traits. The increasing in arsenic levels caused a significant decreased in leaf area index, chlorophyll content, grain weight and total dry weight per plant. Whereas, increased proline content, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity. Also the results showed that mycorrhiza fungi application reduced adverse effects of arsenic and led to increas in yield components and decreased proline content, antioxidant activity in leaves. The highest leaf area index (6.88), total chlorophyll content (1.89 mg.g-1 FW), thousand grain weight (42.3 g) and total dry weight per plant (31.5 g) were achieved in without arsenic + mycorrhiza application. The highest malondialdehyde (13.77 µmol.g FW-1), prolin (4.06 mg.g-1 FW), superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity (510.2, 182.2 and 14.18 unit activity,) were observed in 120 mg per kg of soil+ none application mycorrhiza. According results of the present study mycorrhiza fungi application reduces the harmful effects of arsenic stress and symbiosis with wheat plant results in higher yield components of wheat and concentration of phosphorous in the shoot of the plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Arsenic
  • Component Yield
  • Heavy metals
  • Wheat

مراجع

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 32، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 85-102

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