تأثیر کاهش یارانه حامل‌های انرژی بر میزان استخراج منابع آب‌زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: دشت شبستر از حوزه دریاچه ارومیه)

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

یکی از عوامل اصلی در استخراج آب از منابع زیرزمینی، نهاده انرژی می­باشد. لذا سیاست­های قیمتی مربوط به حامل­های انرژی روی هزینه استخراج آب و به تبع آن در میزان برداشت آب تأثیر خواهد گذاشت. یکی از دلایلی که در سال­های گذشته موجب شده­است، فشار بیشتری بر منابع آب زیرزمینی وارد شود سیاست­های یارانه­ای نامناسب در رابطه با قیمتهای حامل­های انرژی می­باشد. با توجه به ارتباط تنگاتنگ بین قیمت حامل­های انرژی و هزینه­های استخراج آب زیرزمینی در مطالعه حاضر سعی شده­است تا با استفاده از الگوی برنامه­ریزی پویا اثر کاهش یارانه حامل­های انرژی بر میزان استخراج و مصرف منابع آب زیرزمینی، الگوی کشت و درآمد کشاورزان دشت شبستر که از مناطق بحرانی کشور از لحاظ منابع آب زیرزمینی محسوب می­شود، مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش یارانه حامل­های انرژی، میزان برداشت آب از منابع زیرزمینی کاهش می­یابد. مثلا کاهش 25 و 50 درصدی در یارانه حامل­های انرژی به ترتیب حدود 5/4 و 5/6 میلیون متر مکعب استخراج آب از منابع زیرزمینی را  در سال کاهش می­دهد. همچنین سطح زیرکشت برخی محصولات آب­بر و کم درآمد کاهش یافته و الگوی کشت به سمت محصولات با درآمد بالا مانند پیاز، سیب و گردو تغییر می­یابد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که  اتخاذ سیاست­های مناسب یارانه حامل­های انرژی می‌تواند در بهبود شرایط استخراج منابع آب زیرزمینی مفید واقع گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Energy Carriers Subsidies Reducing on Groundwater Extraction (Case study: Shabestar Plain of The Urmia Lake Basin)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Hosseinzad 1
  • Ameneh Sarbaz 2
1 Departmenet of Agricultural Economics- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Tabriz
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Energy input is one of the main factors of extracting water from groundwater resources. Therefore, pricing policies related to energy carriers affect the cost of water extraction and it also affects the amount of water extraction. In the past years, one of the reasons that has put more pressure on groundwater resources is the inappropriate subsidy policies for energy carrier prices. Given the close relationship between energy carriers prices and the costs of groundwater extraction, in the present study, it was tried to investigate the effect of energy carriers' subsidies decreasing on the amount of groundwater consumption, cropping patterns and agricultural income using the dynamic programming model in Shabestar plain. This plain is one of the critical areas in terms of groundwater resources in Iran. The results showed that decreasing energy carriers' subsidies caused extraction reduction of water from groundwater resources. For example, a 25 and 50 percent reduction in energy carrier subsidies would reduce groundwater extraction by about 4.5 and 6.5 million cubic meters per year, respectively. Also, areas under cultivation of some high water using and low-income products decrease and cropping patterns change toward more high-income products such as onions, apples and walnuts. The results indicated that adopting appropriate energy carrier subsidy policies could be useful for improving groundwater extraction conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dynamic programming model
  • Energy carriers' subsidies
  • Extraction
  • Groundwater
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