اثر زادمایه‌های جامد انتروباکترکلوآسه بر جذب عناصر غذایی و مقدار روغن کلزا

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک-تغذیه گیاه، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

حامل‌های جامد موادی هستند که می‌توانند جمعیت باکتری را برای مدت طولانی حفظ کنند و اثر سمی بر باکتری نداشته باشند. بر همین اساس این آزمایش برای بررسی اثر چند ترکیب زادمایه جامد از باکتریEnterobacter cloacae S16-3 بر گیاه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308 انجام گرفت. زادمایه جامد این باکتری در حضور حامل‌های مختلف شامل باگاس، پیت، هیدروچار، بایوچار، خاک‌اره و پرلیت به‌صورت منفرد و مخلوط آنها (به‌جز پیت) با پرلیت با نسبت وزنی (1:1) تهیه شد و جمعیت این باکتری بعد از گذشت شش ماه شمارش شد، سپس اثر‌بخشی زادمایه کودهای زیستی از طریق مایه‌زنی بر گیاه کلزا بررسی شد. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای با در نظر گرفتن 10 تیمار مربوط به حامل جامد، یک تیمار شاهد (بدون کود و بدون باکتری)، تیمارهای کود شیمیایی 100 درصد و 70 درصد NPK انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد تیمار کودی 100 % و 70 % سبب افزایش مقدار عنصر نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن، روی و کلسیم شد. تیمارهای کودی 100% و 70% در مورد عنصر منگنز افزایش چشمگیری را نشان ندادند. نتایج مربوط به درصد روغن و اسید چرب نشان داد که به جز دو تیمار پیت و بایوچار که نسبت به شاهد کاهش درصد روغن داشتند، بقیه تیمارها افزایش درصد روغن را نشان دادند و در ارتباط با اسید چرب، تیمار باگاس-پرلیت سبب افزایش درصد اسید اولئیک و افزایش کیفیت روغن گردید. بر اساس یافته‌های این آزمایش حامل‌های هیدروچار، بایوچار-پرلیت و باگاس-پرلیت توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Solid Inocula of Enterobacter cloacae on Nutrients Uptake and Oil Content of Rapeseed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahla Nobakht 1
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 3
1 MSc Student of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.
2 Assoc. Prof. of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
3 Prof. of Soil Chemistry and Fertility-Plant Nutrition, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Solid carriers are materials that can protect population of microorganisms in the long time and they dont have toxic effect on bacteria. This experiment was performed to chek the effect of a few combination of solid inoculant of bacteria Enterobacter cloacae S16-3 on growth of rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) cultivar hayola 308. Solid inoculants of this bacterium were prepared using different carriers including: bagasse, peat, hydrochar, biochar, sawdust, perlite and bagasse:perlit, hydrochar:perlit, biochar:perlit, sawdust:perlit (with ratio 1:1 w/w), then after six months, bacteria population was counted and finally the effect of biofertilizers inoculant was checked with rapeseed inoculation in a pot culture. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in greenhouse by considering 10 treatments of solid carriers, a negative control treatment, a positive control containing 100 and 70 percent of NPK. The results of this study showed that the NPK100 and NPK70 treatments increased the amount of N, P, Fe, Zn and Ca. The results of oil content and fatty acid analysis showed that in all treatments except for peat and biochar, oil content increased. GC results indicated that oil quality was affected by bacterial inoculation treatment and bagasse:perlite treatment increased the percentage of oleic acid. Finally, according to this study the hydrochar, biochar:perlite and bagasse:perlite carriers will be recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola
  • Enterobacter
  • Nutrients
  • Solid inoculant
  • oil
Abbaszadeh Dahaji P, Asadi Rahmani H, Khavazi K, Soltani Tolarod AA, Akhgar AR and Omidvari M, 2014. Plant growth promoting Fluorescent Pseudomonads effects on growth and development of canola. Soil Management and Sustainable Production 4(1): 201- 217. (In Persian with English abstract)
Akhavan Z, Fallah A, Rezayi SH and Abadi A, 2012. Effect of sulfur and Thiobacillus inoculant on iron, zinc, copper and manganese concentrations in canola in greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(3):191–197.  (In Persian with English abstract)
Ahmad A and Abdin MZ, 2000. Effect of sulphur application on lipid, RNA and fatty acid content in developing seeds of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). Plant Sciences 150: 71–76.
Akbari P, Ghalavand A and Modarres Sanavy SAM, 2010. Effects of different nutrition systems and biofertilizer (PGPR) on phenology period yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Crop Production 2 (3): 119-134. (In Persian with English abstract)
Aseri GK, Jain N, Panwar J, Rao AV and Meghwal PR, 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activity pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulturae 117: 130-135.
Azadmard Damirchi S, 2013. Food Chemistry and Decomposition. Amidi Publishers. 476. (In Persian)
Azimzadeh Y and Najafi NA, 2016. Effects of biochar on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Land Management Journal 4(2): 161-173. (In Persian with English abstract)
Azimzadeh Y, Najafi N Abdolmaleki A and Amirloo B, 2020. Changes in some chemical properties of various organic materials after converting in biochar and hydrochar. Applied Soil Research, 7(4): 1–17.
Bashan Y, 1998. Inoculants of plant growth-promoting bacterial for use in agriculture. Biotechnology Advances 16(40):729–770.
Behl RK, Narula N, Vasudeva M, Sato A, Shinano T and Osaki M, 2006. Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semi-arid tropics. Tropics 15(1):123–133.
Berry EM and Rivlin RS, 1997. Dietary fatty acids in the management of diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66 (4): 991-997.
Biswas JC, Ladha JK and Dazzo FB, 2000. Rhizobia inoculation improves nutrient uptake and growth of lowland rice. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64: 1644-1650.
Chang CH and Yang SS, 2009. Thermo-tolerant phosphatesolubilizing microbes for multi-functional biofertilizer preparation. Bioresource Technology 100: 1648–1658.
Das K, Dang R and Shivananda V, 2008. Influence of biofertilizers on the availability of nutrients (N, P and K) in soil in relation to growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana grown in South India. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products 1: 20-24.
Esitken A, Pirlak L, Turan M and Sahin F, 2006. Effects of floral andfoliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry. Scientia Horticulturae 11: 324–327.
Ghaderi N, Olamaee M, Arzanesh MH, Ghorbani Nasrabadi R, Ghazaeean M and Sebti M, 2014. Effect of different isolates of Azospirillum on the yield and uptake of N, P and K in canola. Water and Soil Science 23(1): 259- 273. (In Persian with English abstract)
Jones J, 2001. Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Aalysis: CRC press.    
Kalantari A, Aliasgharzad N and Najafi N, 2017. Effects of two species of Pseudomonas and nitrogen levels on dry matter, chlorophyll index and N and Zn uptake by spinach plant. Applied Soil Research 6(1): 62-72. (In Persian with English abstract)
Kazemi Oskuei B, Bandehagh A, Sarikhani MR and Komatsu S, 2018. Protein profiles underlying the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on canola under osmotic stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 37: 560-574.
Khayavi M, Baghaei N and Nosrati S, 2017. Oilseed Rape Production Guidelines.  Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Zanjan. (In Persian)
Khosravi H, 2015. Application of biofertilizers containing free-living nitrogen fixer micro-organisms in agriculture. Land Management 2(1): 51–63. (In Persian with English abstract)
Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC and Crowley D, 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota- a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43:1812–1836.
Lin W, OkonY and Hardy RW, 1983. Enhanced mineral uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45:1775–1779.
Liu D, Yang Q, Ge K, Hu X, Qi G, Du B, Liu K and Ding Y, 2017. Promotion of iron nutrition and growth on peanut by Paenibacillus illinoisensis and Bacillus sp. strains in calcareous soil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 1-15.
Lixia Y, Zhansheng W, Yuanyuan Z, Imdad K and Chun L, 2010. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton.  European Journal of Soil Biology 46: 49-54.
Migahed HA, Ahmed AE and Abd El-Ghany BF, 2004. Effect of different bacterial strains as biofertilizer agents on growth, production and oil of Apium graveolens under calcareous soil. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Science 12(2): 511-525.
Mohammad Varzi R, Habibi D, Wazan S and Pakzi AR, 2011. Effect of growth stimulant bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of sunflowers. Fifth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch (Isfahan).  Faculty of Agriculture, 27- 28 February. (In Persian with English abstract)
Moradi Sh and Sarikhani MR, 2016. Comparison of dissolution of phosphate from sources of phosphate rock and tricalcium phosphate by some phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Pp1-6, Second National Congress for the Development of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. Gorgan. Iran. (In Persian with English abstract) 
Murphy J and Riley JP, 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27: 31–36.
Nelda R, Paz R, Masson L, Ortiz J, Gonzalez K, Tapia K and Dobaganes C, 2007. Effect of α-tocopherol, α -tocotrienol and Rosa mosqueta shell extract on the performance of antioxidant-stripped canola oil (Brassica Sp.) at high temperature. Food Chemistry 104, 383-389.
Nosheen A, Bano A and Ullah F, 2013. The role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on oil yield and biodiesel production of canola (Brassica napus L.). Energy Sources 35: 1574-1581.
Nuttall WF, Boswell CC, Sinc AG, Moulin SA, Townley-Smith LJ and Gallway GL, 1993. The effect of time application and placement of sulphur fertilizer source on yield of wheat, canola and barley. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 24: 2143–2202.
Olia P, Melboby MA, Yeganegy P and Sharifi M, 2006. Preparation of suitable carrier for phosphate solubilizing bacteria. University of Tehran Jihad, Applied Microbiology Research Group. (In Persian)
Olia P, Salimi H, Melboby MA, Ahmadi AR, Fatemi Z and Alavi M, 2010. Preparation of appropriate carrier for anti-fire blight bacteria. University of Tehran Jahad, Department of Basic Sciences Research. (In Persian)  
Prashan SD, Makarand R, Bhushan C and Sudhir C, 2009. Siderophore Geniacinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from wheat rhizosphere with strong PGPR activity. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 5(1): 6–12.
Rahimzadeh S, Sohrabi Y, Heidari GhR, Eivazi AR and Hoseini SMT, 2013. Effect of biofertilizers on macro and micro nutrients uptake and essential oil content in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11(1):179-190. (In Persian with English abstract)
Ramesh A, Sharma SK, Sharma MP, Yadav N and Joshi OP, 2014. Plant growth-promoting traits in Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens MDSR9 isolated from soybean rhizosphere and its impact on growth and nutrition of soybean and wheat upon inoculation. Agricultural Research 3(1):53-66.
Rana A, Saharan B, Nain L, Prasanna R and Shivay YS, 2012. Enhancing micronutrient uptake and yield of wheat through bacterial PGPR consortia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 58(5): 573-582.
Renarid S and Mcgregor L, 1976. Antithormbogenic effects of erucic acid poor rapeseed oils in the rats. Review of Crops Cross 23: 393-396.
Roosta HR, Bagheri V and Kian H, 2017. Effect of different planting substrates on vegetative and physiologic characteristics and nutrients content of rose (Rosa hybrida var. Grandgala) in hydroponic system. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 7(4): 27-40. (In Persian with English abstract) 
Sarikhani MR, Oustan S, Ebrahimi M and Aliasgharzad N, 2018. Isolation and identification of potassium-releasing bacteria in soil and assessment of their ability to release potassium for plants. European Journal of Soil Science 69: 1078-1086.
Seyed Sharifi R, 2016. Application of biofertilizers and zinc increases yield, nodulation and unsaturated fatty acids of soybean. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 103(3): 251-258.
Shehata MM and EL-Khawas SA, 2003. Effect of two biofertilizers on growth parameters, yield characters, nitrogenous components, nucleic acids content, minerals, oil content, protein profiles and DNA banding pattern of sunflower yield. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6(14): 1257-1268.
Sheng XF, 2005. Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1918–1922.
Vatan Doost H, Seyed Sharifi R, Farzaneh S and Hasan Panah D, 2017. Grain filling and some fatty acids composition of canola (Brassica napus L.) with application of bio-fertilizers and irrigation withholding. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 27(4): 23-37. (In Persian with English abstract)
Vazques P, Holguin G and Puente ME, 2000. Phosphate solubilizing microorganism associtated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in semi arid coast allagoon. Biology and Fertility of Soils 30: 460-468.
Wagar A, Shahroona B, ZahiZ AR and Arshad M, 2004. Inoculation with ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria for improvming growth and yield of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 41:119-124.
Westerman RL, 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. 3rd Edition, Book Series No. 3, SSSA, USA.
Yahalom EK and Okon Y, 1984. Response of seraria italic to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as compared to Azotobacter chroccoum. Plant and Soil 82:77-85.
Yasari E and Azadgoleh MR, Mozafari S and Alashti M, 2009. Enhancement of growth and nutrient uptake of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by applying mineral nutrients and biofertilizers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 12(2): 127-133.
Zabihi H, Savaghebi G, Khavazi K, Ganjali A and Miransari M, 2011. Pseudomonas bacteria and phosphorus fertilization, affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and P uptake under greenhouse and field conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33: 145-152.