بررسی تأثیر بیوچارهای مختلف بر جذب کادمیم و رشد گیاه کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.) در خاک آلوده شده به کادمیم

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

بیوچار به عنوان یک اصلاح کننده خاک می­تواند با تأثیر بر زیست­فراهمی فلزات سنگین در خاک­های آلوده، خطر ورود آنها به زنجیره غذایی را کاهش دهد. برای بررسی اثر بیوچارهای تولیدشده از ضایعات هرس درخت سیب، انگور و کاه و کلش گندم بر زیست­فراهمی کادمیم و رشد گیاه کاهو آزمایشی درشرایط گلخانه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه فاکتور شامل 1) غلظت کادمیم (صفر، 10 و20 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم)، 2) نوع بیوچار (هرس سیب، هرس انگور و کاه و کلش گندم) و3) مقدار بیوچار( صفر (B0)، 2 (B2) و 5  (B5)درصد وزنی/وزنی) در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. در پایان دوره رشد گیاه کاهو برخی از پارامترهای گیاه شامل وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه، غلظت کادمیم  بخش هوایی و ریشه، فاکتور انتقال (TF)، ضریب تغلیظ زیستی بخش هوایی و ریشه (BCF) و کادمیم زیست­فراهم خاک اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطح آلودگی خاک باعث افزایش کادمیم زیست­فراهم خاک، غلظت کادمیم بخش هوایی، غلظت کادمیم ریشه و ضریب تغلیظ زیستی بخش هوایی و ریشه (BCF) شد. همچنین با افزیش مقدار بیوچار در خاک مقدار کادمیم زیست­فراهم خاک و غلظت کادمیم بخش هوایی و ریشه در تیمارها به­طور معنادار بدین ترتیب کاهش یافت (B0 >B2 >B5). غلظت کادمیم زیست­فراهم خاک در تیمارهای بیوچار ضایعات هرس سیب، هرس انگور و کاه و کلش گندم در تیمار 5 درصد نسبت به تیمار بدون بیوچار به‌ترتیب 8/46، 9/65 و 5/76 درصد کاهش یافت. به­طور کلی، تأثیر بیوچار بر کاهش زیست فراهمی کادمیم به نوع ماده خام، مقدار بیوچار و غلظت فلز بستگی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Different Biochars on Cadmium Uptake and Growth of Lettuce Plant (Lactuca sativa L.) in a Cadmium spiked Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • N Moradi 1
  • MH Rasoli 2
  • E Sepehr 3
1 PhD Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar as a soil amendment can control bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils and can reduce the hazard of their transferring to the food chain. In order to investigate the effects of biochar derived from the apple and grape pruning wastes and wheat straw on bioavailability of Cd and growth of lettuce plants an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse condition with the facrors of: 1) the concentration of Cd (0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1), 2) type of biochar (apple pruning, grape pruning and wheat straw) and 3) biochar level (0 (B0), 2 (B2) and 5 (B5) % w/w) in 3 replications. At the end of the lettuce growth period, some parameters including shoot dry weight, root dry weight, Cd concentrations in root and shoot, translocation factor (TF), bio concentration factor for shoot and root (BCF), and bioavailability of Cd in soil were measured. The results showed that the increase of the soil pollution level, raised the   intensity of the Cd bioavailability, Cd concentrations of shoots and roots, bio concentration factor of shoot and root (BCF). Furthermore, with increasing the level of biochar in soil, bioavailable Cd, Cd concentrations of roots and shoots were decreased in treatments (B5> B2> B0). Bioavailable Cd concentrations in soil in biochar treatments including apple pruning, grape pruning and wheat straw at the level of 5% w/w were decreased, by 46.81, 65.96 and 76.59 %, as compared to control respectively. Therefore biochar impact on decreasing Cd bioavailability depended on its raw material, biochar amount and metal concentrations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • Biochar
  • Cadmium
  • Grape
  • Lettuce
  • Wheat straw
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