اثر تغییر آبیاری جویچه‌ای به قطره‌ای بر آب مصرفی، کارایی مصرف آب و برخی صفات رشدی بوته‌های انگور بیدانه سفید

نویسندگان

1 به زراعی، پژوهشکده انگور، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، همدان، ایران

2 عضو هیأت علمی/ دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

3 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین

4 استادیار علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر

5 استادیار زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی رشد طولی شاخه‌ها، کارایی مصرف آب و عمق توسعه ریشه، در اثر تغییر شیوه آبیاری جویچه‌ای به قطره‌ای، در تاک‌، آزمایشی در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل: آبیاری جویچه‌ای (I1)، آبیاری قطره‌ای و جویچه‌ای (I2)، بابلر (I3)، قطره‌ای 1 (I4)، ترکیب قطره‌ای سطحی و زیر سطحی (I5)، قطره‌ای 2 (I6) و قطره‌ای 3 (I7) بود. نتایج نشان داد تاک‌هایی که به‌صورت قطره‌ای آبیاری شده بودند از نظر طول شاخه، سطح برگ و مصرف آب کاهش معنی‌داری نسبت به آبیاری جویچه‌ای داشتند؛ به‌طوری که میانگین پارامترهای اشاره شده در طول دوره آزمایش برای آبیاری جویچه‌ای (I1) طول شاخه 133 سانتی‌متر، سطح برگ 1/11 متر مربع در تاک و حجم آب مصرفی 5375 متر مکعب در هکتار بوده و در تیمارهای قطره‌ای به‌ترتیب 121، 5/6 و 3625 بدست آمد، هم‌چنین بین پارامتر‌های اشاره شده همبستگی مثبت وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای I6 و I7 به‌ترتیب با 31 و 29 تن در هکتار نسبت به آبیاری جویچه‌ای با 24 تن در هکتار، عملکرد بیشتری را به خود اختصاص داده بودند، در حالی‌که سایر تیمارهای قطره‌ای عملکرد کمتری نسبت به تیمار جویچه‌ای داشتند. از نظر کارایی مصرف آب شیوه آبیاری I6 با 3/10 و آبیاری I1 با 9/4 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب آب مصرفی، به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین کارایی را در سال دوم داشتند. توصیه می‌شود که در تغییر شیوه آبیاری تاک‌های مسن از جویچه‌ای به قطره‌ای، برای استفاده بهینه از منابع آب، از شیوه آبیاریI6 استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Converting Furrow Irrigation to Drip on Water Consumption, WUE and Growth Traits of Sultana Grapevine

نویسندگان [English]

  • sajad ghasedi yoolgonolu 1
  • hamid zareabyaneh 2
  • mohamad ali nejatian 3
  • ruhollah karimi 4
  • masumeh maleki 5
1 Departman of agronomy, grape faculty, malayer university, hamedan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of agriculture, Bu Ali University
3 Associate Professor College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Qazvin, Iran
4 Assistant Professor Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer university, Malayer, Hamedan
5 Assistant Professor Faculty of science, Malayer university, Malayer, Hamedan,
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate switching the furrow to drip irrigation methods on stem length, WUE and depth of root zone of Sultana grapevines, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015-2016 growing season. Treatments of experiment were including furrow (I1), compound of drip and furrow irrigation (I2), bubbler irrigation (I3), drip irrigation 1 (I4), compound of surface and sub-surface drip irrigation (I5), drip irrigation 2 (I6) and drip irrigation 3 (I7). The results showed that the drip irrigation treatments cause decreasing the stem length, leaf area and water consumption compared to the furrow irrigation significantly; Thereby, the average of parameters which are including stem length, leaf area in a vine and irrigation volume are 133 cm, 11.1 m2/vine and 5337m3/ha, respectively, these mentioned parameters for drip irrigation systems are 121 cm, 6.5 m2/vine and 3625 m3/ha, individually. The results indicated that there was positive correlation (R2) between the mentioned parameters. The treatments of I6 and I7 had respectively 31 and 29 ton/ha yield and more than furrow irrigation with 24 ton/ha; However, the other drip irrigation treatments showed less yield than furrow irrigation. The maximum and minimum of water used efficiency (WUE) belonged to I6 treatment with 10.3 kg/m3 and the I1 with 4.9 kg/m3 respectively. . In the end of experiment, taken samples from the vine roots revealed drip irrigation systems caused to create shallow root.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf area
  • Root
  • RWC
  • Soil moisture
  • Stem
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