بررسی تاثیر گسیلنده‌های کنترل کننده حجم آب بر روی وضعیت یکنواختی توزیع آب در سیستم خرد آبیاری

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

عملکرد گسیلنده‌های موجود در سیستم‌های آبیاری میکرو بر اساس استهلاک فشار بوده و عدم کارآیی آنها در تنظیم فشار و آبدهی یکنواخت توسط محققان گزارش شده است. در این پژوهش، با هدف ارتقای کارآیی گسیلنده‌ها در سیستم آبیاری میکرو، گسیلنده‌های جدیدی به نام گسیلنده کنترل کننده حجم آب، طراحی و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. 100 عدد گسیلنده‌ در شرایط مزرعه در یک سیستم آبیاری میکرو نصب و حجم آب خروجی تا زمان قطع جریان اندازه گیری شد. زمان قطع جریان گسیلنده‌ها در فشارهای 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2 و 5/2 اتمسفر در پنج موقعیت شامل ابتدا، یک سوم، وسط، دو سوم و انتهای لوله لترال با سه مرتبه تکرار اندازه‌گیری شد. در نهایت، نتایج بدست آمده براساس استاندارد ASAE ارزیابی گردید. در آزمایش‌های میدانی در فشار 5/0 اتمسفر، حداکثر مقدار ضریب تغییرات برابر 3/3 درصد به‌دست آمد که در همه فشارهای مورد آزمایش در رده عالی ارزیابی گردید. همچنین ضرائب یکنواختی توزیع و یکنواختی پخش در حداقل فشار به ترتیب برابر 6/97% و 91% به دست آمدند، بطوریکه ضرایب مذکور کمترین مقادیر آزمون‎های میدانی را داشتند. در تمامی روابط دبی- فشار، نمای فشار تقریباً برابر 55/0 برآورد گردید. نوع جریان در گسیلنده‌ها آشفته بود. عملکرد مطلوب گسیلنده مذکور در ایجاد یکنواختی توزیع آب موید این مطلب است که تغییر نگرش در مورد مکانیسم کار گسیلنده‌ها و توسعه گسیلنده‌های جدید با مکانیسم کارآمد می تواند کارآیی سیستم های آبیاری میکرو را ارتقاء دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of water volume controller emitter effect on water distribution uniformity in micro-irrigation systems

نویسنده [English]

  • Javad Behmanesh
Urmia University
چکیده [English]

The performance of existence emitters in micro irrigation systems is on the basis of pressure dissipation and their inefficiency in the pressure regulation and discharge uniformity has been reported by researchers. In this research, in order to improve emitters' efficiency in micro irrigation systems, new emitters named water volume controller emitters were designed and evaluated. One hundred emitters were installed in the field conditions on a micro irrigation system and the exiting water volume was measured until cutoff time. The cutoff time of the emitters were measured with three repetitions at the pressures of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 Atm in five positions including the first, third, mid, two-thirds and end of lateral pipe. Finally, the obtained results were evaluated on the basis of ASAE standards. In the field experiments and in the pressure of 0.5 Atm, the maximum value of coefficient of variation was obtained 3.3% which was evaluated in the excellent category in the all applied pressures. Also, at the minimum pressure, the coefficients of distribution uniformity and emission uniformity were obtained 97.6% and 91% respectively, so that the mentioned values had minimum values. In all pressure-discharge equation, the pressure exponent was approximately estimated 0.55. The type of flow in emitters was turbulent. The appropriate performance of the mentioned emitters in creating water distribution uniformity showed that the change of view about emitters' mechanism and the developing new emitters with efficient mechanism can improve the efficiency of micro irrigation systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Control valve
  • Emitter
  • Evaluation
  • Micro irrigation
  • Uniformity
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