تعیین سطح بهینه کشت گیاهان زراعی عمده در سطوح مختلف کم‌آبیاری در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی قزوین

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی سیستم های کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

3 دانشیار بخش آبیاری موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی اب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان و پژوهشکده حوزه آبی دریای خزر، رشت، ایران

چکیده

طراحی و اجرای الگوی کشت مناسب به منظور کنترل هر چه بیشتر عوامل محدود کننده و بهره برداری بهینه از منابع آب ضروری است. در این مطالعه بهینه سازی الگوی کشت در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی قزوین در پنج سطح آبیاری شامل I1، I2، I3، I4 و I5 (به ترتیب تخصیص آب 100، 90، 80، 70 و 65 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و سه سطح مختلف کشت شامل S1، S2 و S3 (به ترتیب برابر سطح کشت موجود، 10 درصد افزایش سطح زیر کشت و 10 درصد کاهش سطح زیر کشت نسبت به شرایط موجود) انجام گرفت. مقادیر سطح زیر کشت و میزان آب تخصیصی برای گیاهان با استفاده از مدل برنامه ریزی خطی بهینه شد و تابع هدف، حداکثرسازی سود بود. نتایج بهینه سازی نشان داد که در حالت S2 بیشترین سطح مربوط به گیاهان استراتژیک و در حالت S3 بیشترین سطح به گیاهان با سود بالاتر اختصاص یافت. در حالت S3I1 حداکثر درآمد کل (315 میلیون ریال) در میان تمامی سناریوها را داشت. اختصاص آب در سطح I2 ضمن حفظ درآمد، بهره وری اقتصادی را در سطوح مختلف به طور متوسط 0.82 میلیون ریال در مترمکعب آب افزایش داده است. لذا می توان با مصرف آب کم تر و اختصاص سطح زیر کشت کم تر درآمد بیشتری داشت. همچنین تخصیص آب I4 و I5 با توجه به کاهش درآمد و عملکرد توصیه نمی شود. مدل در شرایط کم آبی سطح زیر کشت گیاهان آب بر مثل گوجه، چغندر و یونجه را محدود کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining Optimum major Crops Cultivation Areas in Different Levels of deficit Irrigation in Qazvin Irrigation and drainage district

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahimeh Shirshahi 1
  • Hossein Babazadeh 2
  • Nyazali Ebrahimipak 3
  • MohammadReza Khaledian 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agricultural Systems engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Systems engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization
4 Associate Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, and Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Designing and implementing suitable cropping patterns are necessary to control the limiting factors and optimal utilization of available water resources. In the present study, cropping pattern optimization in Qazvin irrigation and drainage district has conducted considering the five levels of irrigation including I1, I2, I3, I4, and I5 (representing water allocation of 100, 90, 80, 70, and 65 percents of the crop evapotranspiration) and three different levels of cultivated areas including S1, S2, and S3 (representing, current cultivated area, 10 percents increase and 10 percents decrease in the crop cultivated area compared to the current conditions). Crops cultivation areas and water allocation were optimized using a linear programming method and the objective function was to maximize the benefit. The results indicated that the model in condition S2 allocated the most cultivation area to strategic crops and in condition S3 allocated the most cultivation area to economic crops. The condition S3I1 had the highest income (315 million rials) among the all scenarios. Water allocation alternative named I2, increased the economic productivity by average 0.82 million rials per cubic meter of water at all the cultivation area alternatives while maintaining income. Therefore, it was possible to allocate less cultivation area and a lower amount of water while earning more income. Also, water allocation alternatives named I4 and I5 were not recommended due to reduced income and yield. Model had limited cultivation area of water-consuming crops such as tomato, sugar beet, and alfalfa under water shortage condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analytic hierarchy Process
  • Sugar beet
  • Economic productivity
  • Linear programming
  • Water allocation
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