بهبود عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب گندم در اراضی پایین دست حوزه کرخه

نویسندگان

1 معاون پژوهش و فناوری مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری

2 کارشناس ارشد مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری

3 استادیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری

4 کارشناس مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری

5 کارشناس ترویج مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی سوسنگرد

چکیده

کاربرد یافته‌های تحقیقاتی در مزرعه شرط اولیه برای هر گونه بهبود کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر یافته‌های تحقیقاتی بر عملکرد گندم، آزمایشی در دو قسمت از اراضی پایین دست حوضه کرخه با سامانه زهکشی (سایت 1) و بدون سامانه زهکشی (سایت 2) در سال‌های زراعی 93-1392 و 94-1393 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کاربرد برخی یافته‌های تحقیقاتی از جمله تسطیح، بذر گواهی شده، میزان و زمان مناسب کاربرد کود و روش آبیاری مناسب به عنوان تیمار«مدیریت تحقیقاتی» و «مدیریت کشاورز» به عنوان تیمار کشت سنتی بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد یافته‌های تحقیقاتی در تیمار «مدیریت تحقیقاتی» در مقایسه با «کشت سنتی» در سال 93-1392 باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه به میزان 14 و 44 درصد به‌ترتیب در سایت 1 و 2 شد. این میزان افزایش برای سال 94-1393 به‌ترتیب 44 و 52 درصد بود. متوسط عملکرد دانه در سایت 1، در تیمار «مدیریت تحقیقاتی» و تیمار «کشت سنتی» به‌ترتیب برابر 5/4178 و 0/3321 کیلوگرم در هکتار و این مقادیر برای سایت 2 به‌ترتیب 5/2976 و 0/1999 کیلوگرم در هکتار تعیین شد. بر اساس محاسبه انجام شده در فصل زراعی 93-1392، افزایش سود خالص در تیمار مدیریت تحقیقاتی به‌ترتیب 2/1 و 98/1 برابر بیشتر از تیمار «تیمار کشت سنتی» به‌ترتیب در سایت 1 و 2 بود. کاربرد بسته توصیه شده در تیمار «مدیریت تحقیقاتی» در سال 94-1393، نیز باعث افزایش 69/1 و 86/1 برابری سود خالص نسبت به «تیمار کشت سنتی» به‌ترتیب در سایت 1 و 2 شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improvement in Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat in Lower Part of Kharkheh River Basin

چکیده [English]

Implementation of research findings and their application in the field is a prerequisite for any improvement in quantity and quality of agronomic products. To investigate the effect of research findings on the wheat yield, two benchmark sites were chosen in the downstream Lands of Kharkheh River Basin, one with drainage (site 1) and another without drainage (site 2) system during 2013-14 and 2014-15 cropping seasons. Treatments were application of some research findings such as leveling, certified seed, appropriate amount and application time for fertilizer and proper irrigation method as Research Management (RM) and farmer management as "Traditional Cultivation" (TC). Results showed that application of recommended package in RM treatment in 2013-14 increased the grain yield by 14 and 44% in sites 1 and 2 compared to TC treatment, respectively. While the values of the improvement in grain yield in the same sites for 2014-15 were 44 and 52%, respectively. During these two years the mean grain yields for RM and TC treatments were 4178.5 and 3321.0 Kg ha-1 in site 1, and 2976.5 and 1999.0 Kg ha-1 in the site 2, respectively. Based on the balance of a cropping season in 2013-14, the increased net benefit in RM treatment were 1.2 and 1.98 times more than the TC treatment in the sites 1 and 2, respectively. Application of the recommended package in 2014-15 increased the net benefit in RM treatment by 1.69 and 1.86 times more than TC treatment in the sites 1 and 2, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azadegan plain
  • Economic evaluation
  • Khuzestan province
  • Salinity stress
  • Waterlogging
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