Effect of Apple Pruning Residue Biochar on Chemical Forms, Mobility Factor Index (MF) and Reduced Partition Index (IR) of Heavy Metals in a Contaminated Soil

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran

2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran

3 Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran

Abstract

In order to study the effect of apple (Golden delicious variety) pruning residue biochar on chemical forms of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in a contaminated soil, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications with 4 levels of biochar (0, 2, 5 and 10 %) and 4 levels of incubation time (1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks).  Chemical distribution of metals in soil was determined using Tessier sequential extraction method during the mentioned incubation times and the reduced partition index (IR) and mobility factor (MF) of the metals were calculated. Application of the biochar significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and increased organic and iron and manganese oxide bound fractions in comparison to the control treatment. With increasing the biochar level and incubation time, the IR values were increased, but MF values decreased, demonstrating a decrease in the mobility of metal in soils. It was concluded that the addition of the apple biochar in soil may led to transformation of the metals from unstable forms (e.g. exchangeable and carbonate forms) to stable forms (e.g. iron and manganese oxide bound and residual forms), and consequently decreased the mobility of the metals in soil.

Keywords

References

  Adriano DC, 2001. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments. Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metal. 2nded. Springer Verlag, New York, 879p.
Ahmad M, Ok YS, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE, Kim BY, Ahn JH, Lee YH, Al-Wabel MI, Lee SE, Lee SS, 2016. Lead and copper immobilization in a shooting range soil using soybean stover and pine needle-derived biochars: chemical, microbial and spectroscopic assessments. Journal of Hazardous Materials 301: 179-186.
Ahmad R, 2004. Sawdust: cost effective scavenger for the removal of chromium (iii) ions from aqueous solutions. Water, Air and Soil Polluttion 83:163-169.
Alloway BJ, 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils: Lead. Blackie and Glasgow, Ltd. London.
Anegbe B, Okuo JM, Ewekay EO and Ogbeifun DE, 2014. Fractionation of lead-acid battery soil amended with biochar. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7(2): 36-43.
ASTM D, 2013. 84: Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.

Bera T, Purakayastha TJ, Patra AK, 2014. Spectral, chemical and physical characterisation of mustard stalk biochar as affected by temperature. Clay Research 33(1): 36-45.

Chapman HD, 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison.  
Drouineau G, 1942. Rapid determination of active calcium carbonate in soil: New data on the separation and nature of calcium carbonate fractions. Annals of Agronomy 12: 441-50.
Dume B, Mosissa T and Nebiyu A, 2016. Effect of biochar on soil properties and lead (Pb) availability in a military camp in South West Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10(3): 77-85.
Fellet G, Marchiol L, Delle Vedove G and Peressotti A, 2011. Application of biochar on mine tailings: effects and perspectives for land reclamation. Chemosphere 83: 1262–1297.
Gaskin JW, Steiner C, Harris K, Das KC and Bibens B, 2008. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the ASABE 51(6): 2061-2069.
Gee GH and Bauder JW, 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis. Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
Guo XY, Zhang SZ, Shan XQ, Luo L, Pei ZG, Zhu YG, Liu T, Xie YN and Gault A, 2006. Characterization of Pb, Cu, and Cd adsorption on particulate organic matter in soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25: 2366–2373.
Gusiatin ZM and Kulikowska D, 2015. Influence of compost maturation time on Cu and Zn mobility (MF) and redistribution (IR) in highly contaminated soil. Environmental Earth Sciences 74(7): 6233-6246.
Han FX, Banin A, Kingery WL, Triplett GB, Zhou LX, Zheng SJ and Ding WX, 2003. New approach to studies of heavy metal redistribution in soil. Advances in Environmental Research 8(1): 113-120.
Hejazizadeh A, Gholamalizadeh Ahangar A, Ghorbani M. 2015. Effect of biochar on lead and cadmium uptake from applied paper factory sewage sludge by sunflower (Heliantus annus L.). Water and Soil Science- University of Tabriz 26(1/2): 259-271.
Jiang J and Xu RK, 2013. Application of crop straw derived biochars to Cu(II) contaminated Ultisol: evaluating role of alkali and organic functional groups in Cu (II) immobilization. Bioresource Technology 133: 537–545.
Jiang J, Xu RK, Jiang TY and Li Z, 2012. Immobilization of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) by the addition of rice straw derived biochar to a simulated polluted Ultisol. Journal of Hazardous Materials 229: 145-150.
Kabala C and Singh BR, 2001. Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soil profile in the vicinity of a copper smelter. Journal of Environmental Quality 30: 485-495.
Kim HS, Kim KR, Kim HJ, Yoon JH, Yang JE, Sik Ok Y, Owens G and Kim KH, 2015. Effect of biochar on heavy metal immobilization and uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in agricultural soil. Environmental Earth Science 74: 1249-1259.
Lindsay WL and Norvell WA, 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 421–428.
Lu H, Zhang YY, Huang X, Wang S and Qiu R, 2012. Relative distribution of Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. Water Research (46): 854–862.
Lu K, Yang X, Gielen G, Bolan N, Ok YS, Niazi NK, Xu S, Yuan G, Chen X, Zhang X and Liu D, 2016. Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the mobility and redistribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Management 186: 285-292.
Mehra OP and Jackson ML, 19608. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clay minerals (7): 317-327.
Moradian Tehrani E, 2012. Adsorption of cadmium and lead by Humat-Paligorskite and Humeat-Sepiolite organomineral. M.Sc theses, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology.
Nelson DW and Sommers LE, 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
EPA. 2003. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Rajkovich S, Enders A, Hanley K, Hyland C, Zimmerman AR and Lehmann J, 2011. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48(3): 271-284.
Rayment GE and Higginson FR, 1992. Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods. Melbourne, Inkata Press.
Rodrı´guez L, Ruiz E, Alonso-Azca´rate J and Rinco´n J, 2009. Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain. Journal of Environmental Management 90: 106–116.
Saffari M, Karimian N, Ronaghi A, Yasrebi J and Ghasemi-Fasaei R, 2015. Immobilization of cadmium in a Cd-spiked soil by different kinds of amendments. Journal of Chemical Health Risks 5(3): 221-233.
Sears Jr GW, 1956. Determination of specific surface area of colloidal silica by titration with sodium hydroxide. Analytical Chemistry 28: 1981–1983.
Shuman LM, 1999. Organic waste amendments effect on zinc fractions of two soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 28: 1442-1447.
Singh B, Singh BP and Cowie AL, 2010. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Soil Research 48(7): 516-525.
Soon YK and Abboud S, 1993. Soil Sampling and Method of Analysis. Lewis puplishers.
Sukiran M, Kheang L, Bakar N and May C, 2011. Production and characterization of bio-char from the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches. American Journal of Applied Sciences 8: 984–988.
Tan X, Liu Y, Gu Y, Zeng G, Wang X, Hu X, Sun Z and Yang Z, 2015. Immobilization of Cd (II) in acid soil amended with different biochars with a long term of incubation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22(16): 12597-12604.
Tessier A, Campbell PGC and Bisson M, 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace-metals. Analytical Chemistry 51:844–851.
Uchimiya M, Chang SC and Klasson KT, 2011. Screening biochars for heavy metal retention in soil: Role of oxygen functional groups. Journal of Hazardous Materials 190: 432–444.
Wang Y, Fang Z, Kang Y, Tsang EP, 2014. Immobilization and phytotoxicity of chromium in contaminated soil remediated by CMC-stabilized nZVI. Journal of Hazardous Materials 275:230-237.
WHO. 1984. The role of food safety in health and development. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Xu RK and Zhao AZ, 2013. Effect of biochars on adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by three variable charge soils from southern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20(12): 8491-8501.
Zhang X, He L, Sarmah A, Lin K, Liu Y, Li J and Wang H, 2014. Retention and release of diethyl phthalate in biochar-amended vegetable garden soils. Journal of Soils Sediments 14:1790–1799.
Zhang X, Wang H, He L, Lu K, Sarmah A, Li J, Bolan NS, Pei J and Huang H, 2013. Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20(12): 8472-8483.
 
.
 
Water and Soil Science
Volume 28, Issue 3
November 2018
Pages 65-78

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics