Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield, Yield Components and Seed Quality of Sunflower under Drought Stress Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the response of sunflower to organic, chemical and integrated fertilizers as well as temporary drought stress in the reproductive growth stage as split plot on the basis of a randomized complete blocks design with 24 treatments and three replications. Main factors composed of S1: control (full irrigation), S2: temporary interruption of irrigation in the flowering stage and S3: temporary interruption of irrigation in the seed filling stage and sub plots composed of F1: control, F2: 30 ton ha-1 cattle manure, F3: 20 ton ha-1 sheep manure, F4: 10 ton ha-1 poultry manure, F5: recommended chemical fertilizer, F6: half of cattle manure + half of chemical fertilizer, F7: half of sheep manure + half of chemical fertilizer, and F8: half of poultry manure + half of chemical fertilizer. The results illustrated that drought stress caused reducing of seed yield and 100-seed weight and increasing of seed hollowness, but had not any significant influence on capitol diameter, stem diameter and plant height. Among the fertilizer treatments, F2, F4 and F6 had the highest effects on yield and on other measured traits and the lowest amount was related to the control (F1). Drought stress in the flowering stage caused an increase in seed protein content than other treatments. Seed oil content and Oleic and Linoleic unsaturated fatty acids at the full irrigation treatment had the highest and at the drought stress in seed filling stage treatment had the lowest values. Protein yield and oil yield, because of great effect of the drought stress in the reproductive growth stage on seed yield, showed significant decreases. Drought stress in the flowering stage increased the concentration of the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, while in the seed filling stage it caused decrease of nutrient concentration in the seeds as compared to the full irrigation treatment. Among the different fertilizer sources, the protein percentage and protein yield showed the highest amounts in F3 and F4 treatments, respectively. But, the highest values of the oil percentage and oil yield were obtained from F6 treatment. Linoleic acid percentage in F4 and oleic acid percentage in F3 treatments were higher compared to the other treatments. Results also clarified that application of the manures or its combination with chemical fertilizers had more effect on the increase of nutrient concentration of seed than that with application of the chemical fertilizers.

Keywords

References

اکبری پ، قلاوند ا و مدرس ثانوی س ع م، 1388. اثرات نظام­های مختلف تغذیه­ای (آلی، شیمیایی، تلفیقی) و باکتری­های افزاینده رشد (PGRP) بر عملکرد و ترکیبات اسید چرب آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.). مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی، جلد 3، شماره 3، صفحه­های 119 تا 134.
جباری ح، اکبری غ ع، دانشیان ج، اله دادی ا و شهبازیان ن، 1386. اثرات تنش کم آبی بر خصوصیات زراعی هیبریدهای آفتابگردان. مجله کشاورزی، جلد 9، شماره 1، صفحه­های 13 تا 22.
جعفرزاده کنارسری م و پوستینی ک، 1372. بررسی اثر تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف رشد بر برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان (رقم رکورد). مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 29، شماره 2، صفحه­های 353 تا 361.
حسن زاده قورت تپه ا، 1379. اثرات کودهای آلی، غیر آلی و تلفیقی بر صفات کمی و کیفی ارقام آفتابگردان در آذربایجان غربی. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.
خانی م، دانشیان ج، زینالی خانقاه ح و قنادها م ر، 1384. تجزیه زنتیکی عملکرد و اجزای آن در لاین های آفتابگردان با استفاده از طرح تلاقی لاین× تستر در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش خشکی. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 36، شماره 2، صفحه­های 435 تا 445.
خماری س، قاسمی گلزانی ک، علیاری ح، زهتاب سلماسی س و دباغ محمدی نسب ا، 1386. اثر زمان قطع آبیاری بر فنولوژی و عملکرد دانه سه رقم آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در تبریز. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، جلد 14، شماره 6، صفحه­های 72 تا 80.
دانشیان ج، جباری ح و فرخی ا، 1385. اثر تنش کم آبی و تراکم گیاه بر عملکرد دانه و ویژگی‌های زراعی آفتابگردان در کشت دوم. نهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس ابوریحان، تهران.
دانشیان ج، جباری ه و فرخی ا، 1387. واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان به تنش رطوبتی در تراکم­های مختلف کاشت. مجله پژوهش کشاورزی، جلد 7، شماره 3، صفحه­های 129 تا 140.
رشدی م، حیدری شریف آباد ح، کریمی م، نور محمدی ق و درویش ف، 1385. بررسی اثرات تنش کم آبی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه ارقام آفتابگردان. مجله پژوهش کشاورزی، جلد 12، شماره 1، صفحه­های 109 تا 122.
رفیعی ف، کاشانی ع، مامقانی ر، و گلچین ا، 1384. اثر مراحل آبیاری و کاربرد نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی هیبرید گلشید آفتابگردان. مجله علوم زراعی ایران، جلد 7، شماره 1، صفحه­های 44 تا 53.
غلامحسینی م، قلاوند ا و جمشیدی ا، 1387. اثر رژیم­های آبیاری و تیمارهای کودی بر عملکرد دانه و غلظت عناصر در برگ و دانه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.). مجله پژوهش و سازندگی، جلد 21، شماره 2، صفحه­های 91 تا 100.
مجیدیان م، قلاوند ا، کریمیان ن ع و کامکار حقیقی ع ا، 1387. تأثیر تنش رطوبت، کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه، کود دامی و تلفیقی از کود نیتروژن و کود دامی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و راندمان استفاده از آب ذرت سینگل کراس 704. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، جلد 45، شماره 2، صفحه­های 417 تا 432.
موحدی دهنوی م، 1381. اثر محلول پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام گلرنگ زمستانه تحت تنش خشکی. رساله دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.
Agele SO, Maraiyesa IO and Adenigi IA, 2007. Effects of variety and row spacing on radiation interaction, partitioning of dry matter and seed set efficiency in late season sunflower (Hellianthus annuus L.) in a humid zone of Nigeria. Afr J Agric Res 2(3): 80-88. 
Ahmad M, Haji A, Bukhsh A, Malik AU, Ishaque M and Sadiq SH, 2009. Performance of sunflower response to exogenously applied salicylic acid under varying irrigation regimes. J Animal Plant Sci 19(3): 130-134.
Ahmad R and Jabeen N, 2009. Demonstration of growth improvement in sunflower (Hellianthus annuus L.) by the use of organic fertilizers under saline conditions. Pak J Bot 41(3): 1373-1384.
Akbari P, Ghalavand A, Modarres Sanavy AM and Agha Alikhani M, 2011. The effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure on grain yield and seed quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Agric Tech 7(1): 173-184.
Alexander HM, Cumings CL, Kahn L and Snow AA, 2001. Seed size variation and predation of seeds produced by wild and crop-wild sunflower. Am J Bot 88: 623-627.
Ali Q, Ashraf A and Anwar F, 2009. Physico-chemical attributes of seed oil from drought stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. GRASAS Y ACEITES 60 (5): 475-481.
Alizadeh O, Sharafzadeh S and Mehdizadeh Naderi N, 2010. Evaluation of mycorrhiza biological fertilizers on some macro elements absorption in water stress condition in sorghum. Adv Environ Biol 4(3): 428-432.
Anediran JA, Taiwo LB, Akande MO, Sobulo RA and Idowu O J, 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. J Plant Nutr 27: 1163-1181.
Anonymous, 1987. Approved Methods of the AACC. Method 11-46, American Association of Chemists Inc. St Paul, MN, USA.
Anonymous, 1990. Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Cereal Chemists. Washington DC, USA.
Araus LA, Slafer GA, Reynolds MP and Royo C, 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?. Annals Bot 89: 925-940.
Berecz K, Kismanyoky T and Debreczeni K, 2005. Effect of organic matter recycling in long-term fertilization trials and model pot experiments. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 36: 191-202.
Chapman HD and Pratt PF, 1978. Methods of Analysis for Soils, Plants and Water. University California, USA.
Cheng FJ, Yang DQ and Wu QS, 1998. Physiological effects of humic acid on drought resistance of wheat. Chinese J Appl Ecol 6(4): 363-367.
Dayal D and Agarwal SK, 1998. Response of sunflower to organic manures and fertilizers. Indian J Agron 43(3): 469-473.
Eichler-Lobermann B, Kohne S and Koppen D, 2007. Effect of organic, inorganic and combined organic and inorganic P fertilization on plant P and soil P pools. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 170: 623-628.
Erdem T, Erdem Y, Orta AH and Okursoy H, 2006. Use of a crop water stress index for scheduling the irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turk J Agric For 30:11-20.
Flexas J, Bota J, Loreto F, Cornic G and Sharkey TD, 2004. Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biol 6: 269-279.
Jama B, Rob AS and Buresh RJ, 1997. Agronomic and economic evaluation of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus in western Kenya. Agron J 89: 597-604.
Kiani PS, Grieu P, Hewezi P, Gentzbittel L and Sarrafi A, 2007. Genetic variability for physiological traits under drought conditions and differential expression of water stress-associated genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Theor Appl Genet 114: 193-207.
Lee RB, 1982. Selectivity and kinetics of ion uptake by barley plants following nutrient deficiency. Ann Bot 50: 429-449.
Meena S, Senthilvalavan P, Malarkodi M and Kaleeswari RK, 2007. Residual effect of phosphorus from organic manures in sunflower-Assessment using radio tracer technique. Res J Agric Biol Sci 3(5): 377-379.
Mekki BB, EL-Kholy MA and Mohamed EM, 1999. Yield, oil and fatty acids contents as affected by water deficit and potassium fertilization in two sunflower cultivars. Egyptian J Agron 21: 67-85.
Mozaffari K, Arshi Y and Zeinali-Khanghaa H, 1996. Research on the effects of water stress on some morphophysiological traits and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Seed Plant 12: 24-33.
Munir MA, Malik MA and Saleem MF, 2007. Impact of integration of crop manuring and nitrogen application on growth, yield and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan J Bot 39(2): 441-449.
Mutegi EM, Kung’u JB, Muna M, Pieter P and Mugendi DN, 2012. Complementary effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on maize production in the smallholder farms of Meru South District, Kenya. Agric Sci 3(2): 221-229.
Negassa W, Gebrekidan H and Friesen D, 2005. Integrated use of farmyard manure and NP fertilizers for maize on farmers' fields. J Agric Rural Dev Trop Subtro 106: 131-141.
Palm CA, Myers RJ and Nandwa SM, 1997. Organic-inorganic nutrient interaction in soil fertility replenishment. Pp. 193-218. In: Buresh RJ, Sanchez PA and Calhoun F. (Eds). Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, USA.
Pandey N, Sarawgi AK, Rastogi NK, Tripathi RS, 1999. Effect of farmyard manure and chemical N fertilizer on grain yield and quality of scented rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. Indian J Agric Sci 69(9): 621-623.
Petcu E, Arsintescu A and Stanciu D, 2001. The effect of drought stress on fatty acid composition in some Romanian sunflower hybrids. Romanian Agric Res 15: 39-43.
Prasad PVV, Staggenborg SA and Ristic Z, 2008. Response of Crops to Limited Water: Understanding and Modeling Water Stress Effects on Plant Growth Processes. Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Series 1. Madison, USA.
Razi H and Asad MT, 1998. Evaluation of variation of agronomic traits and water stress tolerant in sunflower conditions. Agric Natur Res Sci 2: 31-43.
Razi H and Asad MT, 1999. Comparison of selection criteria in normal and limited irrigation in sunflower. Euphytica 105: 83-90.
Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV and Vivekanandan M, 2004. Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. J Plant Physiol 161: 1189-1202.
Reddy GKM, Dangi KS, Kumar SS and Reddy AV, 2003. Effect of moisture stress on seed yield and quality in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. J Oilseeds Res 20(2): 282-283.
Rulkens WH and Ten Have PJW, 1994. Single and combined effect of bio, organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of sunflower and soil properties under rain fed condition. Adv Plant Sci 5: 161-167.   
Saini HS and Westgate ME, 2001. Reproductive development in grain crops during drought. Adv Agron 68: 60-95.
Saleh AL, Abd El-Kader AA and Hegab SAM, 2003. Response of onion to organic fertilizer under irrigation with saline water. Egypt J Appl Sci 18(12b): 707-716.
Scheiner JD, Gutierrez-Boem FH and Lavado RS, 2002. Sunflower nitrogen requirement and 15N fertilizer recovery in Western Pampas, Argentina. Eurp J Agron 17: 73-79.
Singh R, Sharama RK and Singh M, 1996. Effect of P, Zn, Fe, CaCo3 and farm yard manure application on yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Annals Biol 12: 203-208.
Singh Y, Singh B, Khera TS and Meelu OP, 1994. Integrated management of green manure, farmyard manure, and nitrogen fertilizer in a rice-wheat rotation in Northeastern India. Arid Soil Res Rehab 8(2): 199-205.
Tahir MHN and Mehid SS, 2001. Evaluation of open pollinated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations under water stress and normal conditions. Int J Agric Biol 3: 236-238.
Unger W and Paul W, 1982. Time and frequency of irrigation effects on sunflower production and water use. Soil Sci 46: 1072-1076.
Vanaja M and Raju AS, 2003. Integrated nutrient management in rice sunflower cropping system in alfisols. J Soil Crops 13(2): 211-213.
Zaki RN and Radwan TEE, 2011. Improving wheat grain yield and its quality under salinity conditions at a newly reclaimed soil by using different organic sources as soil or foliar applications. J Appl Sci Res 7(1): 42-55.
Zamil SS, Quadir QF, Chowdhury MAH and Al Wahid A, 2004. Effects of different animal manures on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by mustard cv. Agrani BRAC Univ J 1(2): 59-66.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Water and Soil Science
Volume 24, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2014
Pages 175-189

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics