Evaluation of the Effect of Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi on Chemical Composition and Essential Oil Production of Coriander in Greenhouse Conditions

Authors

1 MSc of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran

2 Prof.of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran.

3 Prof. of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran.

4 PhD Student of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective
In recent decades, agricultural production has relied heavily on the use of chemical inputs, which has led to major environmental problems. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to the destruction of water and soil resources, reducing the population and diversity of soil microbes, water and air pollution, increasing the resistance of pests and pathogenes to various chemical pesticides, etc. One of the solutions to this problem is to use the principles of sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is an integrated system based on ecological principles and in this system, plant residues, animal manures, organic and bio-fertilizers are used instead of chemical compounds such as fertilizers and pesticides. In addition to supplying nutrients in the soil, it leads to weed and pest controlling and increases the microbe’s biodiversity in soil. Useful soil microorganisms such as mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi play an important role in the nutrients cycling, especially phosphorus and some other trace elements in ecosystems and plant protection against environmental and agricultural stresses. The fungal hyphae often extend into the portion of the soil that is not penetrated by roots or root hairs, and led to increase the absorption of water and nutrients for the plant. Endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica also has a wide range of host plants by colonizing their roots and stimulates the growth of its host plants and increases their yield. The use of these fungi in nutrient-poor soils increases the growth and yield of agricultural products along with reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb of the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae families, native to the Mediterranean region that has been cultivated since human antiquity. In addition to its oral application, this plant also has healing properties and is also considered as a medicinal plant. Coriander consumption is recommended in the treatment of various infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and various diseases in general. The shoots of this plant contain essential oils and active ingredients, and decanol is the main components of its essential oil. Whereas global approaches to the production of medicinal plants are aimed at improving the quantity and quality of the active ingredient of medicinal plants, healthy nutrition of these plants through eco-friendly approaches such as the use of biological fertilizers, is the most consistent with the goals of sustainable agriculture and leads to improved quantitative and qualitative yield of these plants. Accordingly, the study of the effect of beneficial soil fungi (mycorrhizal and endophytic) on vegetables such as coriander due to their high consumption by humans seems necessary. Therefore, in this study the effect of inoculation of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Diversispora versiformis ‌ and Rhizophagus irregularis) and one species of endophytic fungus (Piriformospora indica) individually and/or in combinations on the chemical composition and production of coriander essential oil was investigated.
Methodology
The treatments were included single fungus inoculation (RI: R. irregularis, DV: D. versiformis, PI: P. indica), integrated fungal inoculations (PI+DV, PI+RI, RI+DV and PI+RI+DV), positive control treatment (with urea fertilizer and triple superphosphate, without fungus), and the negative control (no chemical fertilizer, no fungus). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse conditions. Fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, percentage of root colonization, leaf phenol, antioxidant compounds, carotenoids, total chlorophyll and essential oil were measured in coriander plant.
Findings
The results showed that the effect of all three fungal species (mycorrhiza and endophyte) both separately and in combination on the measured parameters was significant (p <0.01). Combined treatment of three fungi (PI + RI + DV) showed the highest yield in fresh and dry weight of shoot part by 8.62% and 17.94%, respectively. In the case of fresh and dry weight of root part, DV treatment had the best performance by 22.66% and 48.04%, respectively. The root colonization increase (91.75%) in PI + RI, phenol (72.5%) in RI + DV, antioxidant componds (11.81%), total chlorophyll (7.81%) and carotenoids (5.87%) in PI, and essential oil yield (107.2%) in PI + DV were recorded. All increases reported above are in comparison with negative control treatment.
Conclusion
According to the results of this study, in order to achieve higher yield in coriander, it is better to use single treatments of mycorrhizal fungi. Also, based on the results of this experiment, to enhance the performance of mycorrhizal fungi to improve the growth and development of coriander, especially to improve the yield of essential oil, it is better to use a combination of mycorrhizal fungi and endophyte. It should be noted that the results of this experiment were obtained in greenhouse conditions and to finally confirm the effectiveness of the fungi used in this experiment, therefore further studies should be performed at the field conditions along with measuring more traits to provide clearer and applied results.

Keywords

References

Abdel Latef AH and Chaoxing H, 2011. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzymes activity and fruit yield of tomato grown under salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae 127(3): 228–233.
Aliabadi Farahani H and Valadabadi SAR, 2010. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 1 (28): 69-80. (In Persian with English abstract).
Amanifar S, Aliasgharzad N, Najafi N, Esteki M, Oustan Sh and Bolandnazar S, 2019. Evaluation of the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on lead (Pb) uptake and growth of alfalfa in Pb-contaminated soil. Iran Agricultural Research 38(1) 75-86. (In Persian with English abstract)
Bansal M and Mukerji KG, 2002. Methods in study of viability of VAM fungal spores. Pp: 217-229. In: Techniques in Mycorrhizal Studies. Springer, Dordrecht.
Banuelos J, Alarcon A, Larsen J, Cruz-Sánchez S and Trejo D, 2014. Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and meloidogyne incognita in the ornamental plant impatiens balsamina. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 14(1): 63-74.
Bolandnazar S, Karimi K and Sarikhani MR, 2019. The effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiological traits of Iranian leeks (Allium ampeloprasum L.). Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production 29 (1): 121-136. (In Persian with English abstract).
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME and Berset CL, 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology 28(1):25-30.
Carlsen SC, Understrup A, Fomsgaard IS, Mortensen AG and Ravnskov S, 2008. Flavonoids in roots of white clover: interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a pathogenic fungus. Plant and Soil 302 (1): 33-43.
Darzi MT, Galavand A, Rajaee F and Sefidcan F, 2006.  The effect of biofertilizer application on yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 22 (4): 276-292. (In Persian with English abstract).
Demir S, 2005. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology 28(4): 85-90.
Dudhane MP, Borde MY and Jite PK, 2011. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and antioxidant activity in Gmelina arborea Roxb. under salt stress condition. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3(4): 71-78.
Einhellig FA, 1996. Interactions involving allelopathy in cropping systems. Agronomy Journal 88(6):886-93.
Fallahi J, Kochaki A and Rezvani P, 2009. The effect of biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Matricicaria chamomilla). Iranian Journal of Crop Research 7 (1): 127-135. (In Persian with English abstract).
Feng F, Sun J, Radhakrishnan GV, Lee T, Bozsóki Z, Fort S, Gavrin A, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Andersen KR and Radutoiu S, 2019. A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula. Nature Communications 10(1):1-12.
Gee GW and Bauder JW, 1986. Partical-size analysis. Pp. 383- 411. In: Klute A (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis: Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Part 1,2nd (ed.) Soil Sience Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
Gholami A and Kochaki A, 2001. Mycorrhiza in Sustainable Agriculture (translation). Shahroud University Press (In Persian).
Gupta PK, 2000. Soil, Plant Water and Fertilizer Analysis. Agrobios, New Delhi, India.
Hao Z, Xie W and Chen B, 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis affects plant immunity to viral infection and accumulation. Viruses 11(6): 534-542.
Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Radhakrishnan R, Al-Arjani AB, Aldehaish HA, Egamberdieva D and Abdallah EF, 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system, hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25(6):1102-14.
Heidarianpour MB, Aliasgharzad N and Olsson PA, 2020. Positive effects of co-inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita indica on tomato growth under saline conditions, and their individual colonization estimated by signature lipids. Mycorrhiza 30:455-66.
Imre E, Somssich IE and Hahlbrok K, 1998. Pathogen defense in plant-a paradigm of biological complexity. Trends in Plant Science 3(3): 86–90.
Jisha S and Sabu KK, 2019. Multifunctional aspects of Piriformospora indica in plant endosymbiosis. Mycology 10(3): 182-194.
Kapoor R, Chaudhary V and Bhatnagar AK, 2007. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Mycorrhiza 17(7): 581-587.
Karthikeyan B, Jaleel CA, Lakshmanan GA and Deiveekasundaram M, 2008. Studies on rhizosphere microbial diversity of some commercially important medicinal plants. Biointerfaces 62(1):143-145.
Kormanik P and McGraw A, 1982. Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots, Pp: 37-45. In: Schenck NC, (Ed.), Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota.
Krishna KR and Bagyaraj DJ, 1984. Phenols in mycorrhizal roots of Arachis hypogaea. Experientia 40(1):85-6.
Lee J, Koo N and Min DB, 2004. Reactive oxygen species, aging, and antioxidative nutraceuticals. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 3(1): 21-33.
Liu J, Maldonado‐Mendoza I, Lopez‐Meyer M, Cheung F, Town CD and Harrison MJ, 2007. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is accompanied by local and systemic alterations in gene expression and an increase in disease resistance in the shoots. The Plant Journal 50(3): 529-544.
Lynn DG and Chang M, 1990. Phenolic signals in cohabitation: implications for plant development. Annual Review of Plant Biology 41(1):497-526.
Malakoti M J, 2000. Optimum use of fertilizers recommendation for crops and horticulture. Technical Publication No. 200, Soil and Water Research Institute, Publication of Agricultural Education.
Mandal S and Mandal M, 2015. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5(6): 421-428.
Manoharan PT, Pandi M, Shanmugaiah V, Gomathinayagam S and Balasubramanian N, 2008. Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the physiological and biochemical changes of five different tree seedlings grown under nursery conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(19): 124-136.
Nadeem M, Muhammad Anjum F, Issa Khan M, Tehseen S, El-Ghorab A and Iqbal Sultan J, 2013. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A review. British Food Journal 115(5): 743-755.
Nadian H, Smith SE, Alston AM and Murray RS, 1997. Effects of soil compaction on plant growth, phosphorus uptake and morphological characteristics of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Trifolium subterraneum. The New Phytologist 135(2): 303-311.
Nelson DW and Sommers LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pp: 539–579. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Sience Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin.
Norrif IR, Read DJ and Varma AK, 1992. Methods in Microbiology Techniques for Study of Mycorrhiza. Academic Press, London. 
Olsen SR and Sommers LE, 1982. Phosphorus. Pp: 403-430. In: Page AL, (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Sience Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin.
Omid Beygi R, 1997. Approaches to the Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Design Publishing Press.
Paradi I, Bratek Z and Lang F, 2003. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus supply on polyamine content, growth and photosynthesis of Plantago lanceolata. Biologia Plantarum 46(4): 563-576
Pham GH, Singh A, Malla R, Kumari R, Prasad R, Sachdev M, Rexer KH, Kost G, Luis P, Kaldorf M and Buscot F, 2008. Interaction of Piriformospora indica with diverse microorganisms and plants. Pp. 237-265. In: Plant Surface Microbiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Prajapati K, Yami KD and Singh A, 2008. Plant growth promotional effect of Azotobacter chroococcum, Piriformospora indica and vermicompost on rice plant. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9: 85-90.
Richardes LA, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. United States Salinity Laboratory Staff. Agriculture Handbook 60. P.162. United States Department of Agriculture.
Saeed Nejad AH, Rezvani Moghadam P and Nasiri Mahallati M, 2011. The effect of organic matter, biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on protein digestibility and protein content of specific cultivars of forage sorghum. Iranian Crop Research 9 (4): 623-630. (In Persian with English abstract).
Sairam RK, Deshmukh PS and Saxena DC, 1998. Role of antioxidant systems in wheat genotypes tolerance to water stress. Biologia Plantarum 41(3): 387-394.
Schenck NC and Y Perez, 1988. Mannual for the Identification of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi. p. 241. INVAM, 1453 Fifield Hall, University of Florid, Gainesville, Flo, USA.
Sefidcan F, 1999. Evaluation of essential oils of aerial parts and coriander fruit. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research 13: 32-38. (In Persian with English abstract).
Shaabani V, Aliasgharzad N and Oustan S, 2013. Glomalin production by two glomeral fungi in symbiosis with corn plant under different Pb levels. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review 3: 854-863. (In Persian with English abstract).
Sohrabi Y, Heidari G, Weisany W, Ghasemi-Golezani K and Mohammadi K, 2012. Some physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhiza under drought stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 59(6): 708-716.
Trindade R, Almeida L, Xavier L, Andrade EH, Maia JG, Mello A, Setzer WN, Ramos A and da Silva JK, 2020. Influence on secondary metabolism of Piper nigrum L. by co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Fusarium solani sp. piperis. Microorganisms 9(3):484-796.
Varma A, Verma S, Sahay N, Bütehorn B and Franken P, 1999. Piriformospora indica, a cultivable plant-growth-promoting root endophyte. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2741-2744.
Wallis CM and Galarneau ER, 2020. Phenolic compound induction in plant-microbe and plant-insect interactions: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in plant science 11:2034-2051.
Waterhouse AL, 2002. Determination of total phenolics. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry 6(1):1-11.
 
 
 
Water and Soil Science
Volume 33, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 181-187

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics