Measurement and Simulation of water flow and root uptake in Smart Irrigation Management

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student of Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Iran

2 Associate professor, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Iran

Abstract

               Current research with the purpose of applying the governing equations related to hydraulics of flow in plant root zone and use of modern technology in field measurements for measuring soil water content and soil suction of the plant root zone for continuous monitoring of relevant factors and smart management of irrigation system in order to optimized use of water consumption has been done. This research was carried out in Saeed Abad Gardens in Tabriz in two consecutive years, 1977 and 1998. Using a 20-channel data logger, the root zone was instrumented with soil moisture sensors and the soil moisture instantaneous data were transmitted to the server via the Internet, allowing online data viewing and data storage provided. In this study, by equipping the treatment under study to research drip irrigation system with ability of changing hydraulic parameters including controlling the discharge rate of different treatments and by continuously data logging, the actual soil wetting pattern and shape at different times obtained and the accuracy of the theories and experimental relationships were validated. Maximum absorption was at 20 cm depth and daily intake was calculated to be 30-50 liters. In this study, HYDRUS-2D software was used to simulate different scenarios. The most important issue in this software is to calibrate the governing equations coefficients. In this study, models related to root motion and absorption parameters were calibrated and validated based on accurate field measurements (RE = 2.87 and NRMSE = 2.14 %). Based on the results, water movement and plant consumption were calculated and presented. Accordingly, the results of matching the wetting pattern with the root zone of the plant were used to manage the system and ultimately save water consumption. The highest amount of water uptake was at 40 cm depth, which is 74% of the total water uptake. By controlling this soil profile, an intelligent irrigation system can be managed.

Keywords

References

Arbat G, Roselló A, Domingo Olivé F, Puig-Bargués J, González Llinàs E, Duran-Ros M, Pujol J, Ramírez de Cartagena F, 2013. Soil water and nitrate distribution under drip irrigated corn receiving pig slurry. Agricultural Water Management Volume 120, 11-22.
Besharat S, Nazemi AH, Sadraddini AA, 2010. Parametric modeling of root length density and root water uptake in unsaturated soil. Turkish Journal Agriculture and Forestry 34: 439-449. doi:10.3906/tar-0905-39
Caspari, H.W., Green, S.R., and Edwards, W.R.N. 1993. Transpiration of well-watered and water stressed Asian pear trees as determined by lysimeter, heat pulse, and estimated by a Penman-Monteith model.Agric. Forest Meteorol. 67, 13-27.
Cai Y, Wu P, Zhang L, Zhu D, Chen JWS and Zhaoa X, 2017. Simulation of soil water movement under subsurface irrigation with porous ceramic emitter. Agricultural Water Management 192: 244–256.
Costa JM, Ortuno MF and Chaves MM, 2007. Deficit irrigation as a strategy to save water: physiology and potential application to horticulture. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49: 1421–1434.
Cote CM, Birstow KL, Charlesworth PB, Cook FJ and Thorburn PJ, 2003. Analysis of soil wetting and solute transport in subsurface trickle irrigation. Irrig. Sci. 22 (3–4): 143–156.
Feddes A, Kowalik PJ and Zaradny H, 1978. Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Wiley, New York
González MG, Ramos RB, Carlesso R, Paredes P, Petry MT, Martins JD, Aires Np and Pereira LS, 2015. Modelling soil water dynamics of full and deficit drip irrigated maize cultivated under a rain shelter. Biosystems Engineering Volume 132, 1-18.
Green S and Clothier B, 1999. The root zone dynamics of water uptake by a mature apple tree. Plant and Soil 206: 61–77.
Homaee M, 1999. Root water uptake under non-uniform transient salinity and water stress. Ph.D. thesis. Agricultural University Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Honari M, Ashrafzadeh A, Khaledian M, Vazifedoust M and Mailhol JC, 2017. Comparison of HYDRUS-3D soil moisture simulations of subsurface drip irrigation with experimental observations in the south of France. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 04017014: 1-7.
Kandelous M and Simunek J, 2010. Numerical simulations of water movement in a subsurface drip irrigation system under field and laboratory conditions using HYDRUS-2D. Agricultural Water Management 97, 1070-1076.
Kandelous MM, Simunek J, van Genuchten MTh and Malek K, 2011. Soil water content distributions between two emitters of a subsurface drip irrigation system. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75(2): 488–497.
Karandish F, Simunek J, 2016. A comparison of numerical and machine-learning modeling of soil water content with limited input data. Journal of Hydrology, 543, 892–909.
Lazarovitch N, Warrick AW, Furman A and Simunek J, 2007. Subsurface water distributions from drip irrigation described by moment analysis. Vadose Zone J 6: 116–123.
Mohammadi A, Besharat S and Abbasi F, 2019. Effects of irrigation and fertilization management on reducing nitrogen losses and increasing corn yield under furrow irrigation, Journal of Agricultural Water Management 213, 1116-1129.
Mualem Y, 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research 12(3): 513–522.
Oster JD and Wichelns D, 2003. Economic and agronomic strategies to achieve sustainable irrigation. Irrigation Science 22:107-120. 
 Phene CJ, 1995. Research trends in microirrigation. Proc. Fifth International Microirrigation Congress. Orlando, Florida, USA 2-6, P 6-24.
Saefuddin R, Saito H and Simunek J, 2019. Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation, Journal of Agricultural Water Management 211: 111-122.
Singh DK, Rajput TBS, Singh DK, Sikarwar HS, Sahoo RN and Ahmad T, 2006. Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source. Agricultural Water Management. 83(1–2): 130–134.
Siyal AA and Skaggs TH, 2009. Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Water Management 96: 893-904.
Subbaiah R, 2013. A review of models for predicting soil water dynamics during trickle irrigation. Irrigation. Science. 31(3): 225–258.
Tang LS, Li Y and Zhang J, 2005. Physiological and yield responses of cotton under partial root zone irrigation. Field Crops Research 94: 214-223.
Thorburn PJ, Bristow KL and Cook FJ, 2015. Improving Trickle Irrigation: Better Matching Trickle Systems Design to Soils. Acta horticulture 123:34-46.
Van Genuchten MT, 1987. A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Social of American 44: 892–898.
Vrugt JA, Hopmans JW and Simunek J, 2001. Calibration of a two-dimensional root water uptake model. Soil Science Social of American 65(4): 1027–1037.
Fan YW, Huang N, Zhang J and Zhao T, 2018 Simulation of Soil Wetting Pattern of Vertical, Water 10, 601.
Water and Soil Science
Volume 30, Issue 3
September 2020
Pages 133-146

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics