Comparison of the Controlling Methods of the Maximum and Minimum Pressures Resulting from Water Hammer Phenomenon in High Pressure Pumping Stations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Waterhammer is one of the destructive hydrodynamic phenomena which is established in most pumping stations, transmission lines and hydroelectric power plants. This phenomenon rises the abnormal pressures, cavitation occurence and finally pipe explosion and disturbance of the whole system. So, its accurate investigation is known as one the first and main steps in designing, which by compelet identifying the effects of waterhammer, the hydraulic facilities remain safe from the dangers of this phenomenon. To control the destructive effects of this event, different methods are advised. One of these methods is sometimes enough and a combination of two or more is necessary in some occasions. This paper is an attempt to study the waterhammer phenomenon in a pumping station and solve the governing equations with the use of characteristics method. In order to compare the effects of different methods on controlling the pressure due to waterhammer, the mentioned pumping station considering the presence of flywheel, surge tank, air chamber and a combination of air chamber and surge tank has been investigated. The result indicates that use of air chamber is the best instrument among the mentioned methods, to control the waterhammer destructive pressures.

Keywords

Main Subjects


رنجکش ه، 1374. چگونگی انتخاب سیستم کنترل کننده موج فشاری در خطوط پمپاژ آب. مجله آب و محیط زیست، شماره­های 12 و 13، صفحه­های 15 تا 20.

بی نام، 1384. دستورالعمل طراحی ایستگاه پمپاژ، سازمان آب منطقه­ای خراسان رضوی.
کاردان ن، حسن­زاده ی، خیری ح، 1395. بررسی عملکرد مخازن موج­گیر ساده و تفاضلی در کنترل امواج فشاری ضربه قوچ، نشریه مهندسی عمران شریف (زیر چاپ).
Abuiziah I, Oulhaj A, Sebari k and Ouazar D, 2013. Sizing the protection devices to control waterhammer damage. International Journal of Civil, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering 7(11): 558-563.
Hariri Asli k, Nagiyev FB, Haghi AK and Aliyev SA, 2009. Waterhammer and fluid condition. Pp. 26-31. 1st Festival on Water and WasteWater Research and Technology, 12-17 Dec, Tehran, Iran.
Hariri Asli k, Nagiyev FB and haghi AK, 2010. Modeling for waterhammer due to valves, from theory to practice. Pp. 229-236. In: Hariri Asli k, Nagiyev FB and haghi AK (eds). Computational Methods in Applied Science and Engineering, Nova Science Publication.
Larock BE, Jeppson RW and Watters GZ, 2000. Hydraulics of Pipeline Systems. Crc Press, New York, 552 p.   
Mansuri B, Salmasi F and Oghati B, 2014. Sensitivity analysis for waterhammer problem in pipelines. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment 5(2): 124-131.
Martin CS, 1992. Experience with surge protection devices. Pp. 171-178. BHr Group International Conference on Pipeline, 24–26 March, Manchester, England.
Mishara S, 2012. Analysis for waterhammer considering the effect of fluid structure interaction in straight pipes. B.S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela.

Nabi G, Habib-ur-Rehman Kashif M and Tareq M, 2011. Hydraulic transient analysis of surge tanks: case study of Satpara and GolenGol Hydropower projects in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 8: 34-48.

Parmakian J, 1963. Waterhammer Analysis. Pp. 161. Dover Publications Inc, New York, USA.
Pezzinga G, 1999. Quasi-2D model for unsteady flow in pipe networks. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125(7): 676-685.
Pezzinga G, 2003. Second viscosity in transient cavitating pipe flows. Journal of Hydraulic Research 41(6): 656-665.
Shimada M and Okushima S, 1984. New numerical model and technique for waterhammer. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE 110(6): 736-748.
Sirvole k, 2007. Transiant analysis in pipe networks. M.S thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Streeter VL and Lai C, 1963. Waterhammer analysis including fluid friction. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 128:1491–1524.
Streeter VL and Wylie EB, 1967. Hydraulic Transients. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co, New York, 329 p.  
Tullis JP, Streeter VL and Wylie EB, 1976. Waterhammer Analysis with Air Release. Pp. 35-47. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Pressure Surges, BHRA, London, UK.
Wiggert DC and Sundquist MJ, 1979. The effect of gaseous cavitation on fluid transients. ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering 101: 79–86.