Effect of Tillage Method on Soil Physical Indices, Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean in Moghan Plain, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine suitable soil tillage method. It  was carried out for  two years in summer planting soybean in the form of stripe-plot with  randomized complete block design with four replications on the farm of  Agricultural Research Center Moghan. In this experiment, the first factor was  three tillage methods: moaldboard plow and disk harrow; Chisel plow and disk harrow and only disk harrow and the second factor  included three soybean varieties ( Zane , Williams and L17). Moisture content, bulk density, penetration resistance and crop residue levels before and after implantation and agronomic traits such as grain yield, emergency precentage, plant height, the height of first pod, the number of pods per plant, pod length and the number of grain per pod were measured. Two-year results of the experiment showed that different methods of soil tillage did not cause any significant difference in the grain yield. But the agronomic traits such as plant height, pod length and number of grain per pod  showed significant differences at 1% probability. The two-year results of this study also showed soil tillage treatment differences in terms of cone index at the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, but at the depth of 20-30 and 30-40 no significant difference was detected. The lowest and highest cone index in 0-10cm depth were 0.54 and 0.60 MPa with the moaldboard plow and disk harrow and only disk harrow , respectively. Also The two tillage treatments at 10-20 depth with  0.72 and 0.59 Mpa had the highest and lowest cone index, respectively. The difference between treatments was significant in terms of MWD, as Moaldboard plow and disk harrow, Chisel plow and disk harrow and  only disk harrow with respectively 16.3, 13.0 and 10.1 mm were divided into three different groups. The index of return of plant residues with averge of 82.41 and 69.83  in the first and second years was statistically significant at the 1% level. On the other hand, the three tillage methods did not  lead to significant effect in bulk density and the soil moisture content percentage.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

آسودار م­ا  و سبزه­زار ه، 1387. سیستم­های خاک­ورزی حفاظتی. نشر آموزش کشاورزی. کرج. 1387.
امینی­ ا، 1379. تأثیر سیستم­های مختلف خاک­ورزی بر عملکرد و اجرا عملکرد دو رقم سویا بعد از برداشت
گندم در شرایط آب و هوایی ساری. گزارش پژوهشی نهایی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح وتهیه نهال وبذر. وزارت جهاد  کشاورزی.
 خسروانی ع، 1377. اثر روش­های مختلف تهیه زمین بر عملکرد گندم آبی.گزارش پژوهشی نهایی مؤسسه
تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. نشریه شماره 107.
.صادق­نژاد ح­ر و رحمتی م­ه، 1382. مقایسه چند روش خاک­ورزی بر روی عملکرد محصول سویا. گزارش نهایی مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی. نشریه شماره261.
Adam KM and Erbach DC,1992. Secondary tillage tool effect on soil aggregation. Transactions of the ASAE 35(6):  1771-1776.
Drury CF, Tan CS,  Reynolds WD,  Welacky TW, Weaver SE, Hamill AS  and   Vyn TJ, 2003. Impacts of zone tillage and red clover on corn performance and soil physical quality. Soil Science Society of America Journal  67:  867-877.
 Elmore RW,1990. Soybean cultivar response to tillage systems and planting date. Agron Journal 82:69-73.
Elmore RW,1987. Soybean cultivar response to tillage systems. Agronomic Journal 79: 114-119.
 Erbach DC, Cruse R, MCrosbie, TM,  Timmons, DR, Kaspar TC and Potter KN,1986.Maize response to tillage-induced soil conditions. Trans ASAE 29: 690-695.
Garcia F, Cruse RM and Blackmer AM,1988. Compaction and nitrogen placement effect on root growth, water depletion, and nitrogen uptake. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52: 792-798.
Hargrave WL,1982. Influence of tillage practice on the fertility status of acid soil double  cropped to wheat and soybean. Agronomic Journal 47 : 684
Horton R,  Kluitenberg GJ and Bristow KL, 1994. Surface crop residue effects on the soil surface energy balance. pp.143-162. In. Unger P.W (ed.) Managing Agricultural Residues. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
Johnson R R, 1988. Soil engaging – tool effects on surface residue and roughness with chisel- type implements. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52: 237 – 243.
Maillard  A, Neyroud JA and  Vez A,1995 . Results of a no – tillage experiment  over more  than 20 years at changing. Physical properties. Revue suissed Agriculture 27:  5-10.
Michel JA, Formstorn KJ and Borrelli J,1985. Energy requirements of two tillage systems for irrigated sugar beets, soybeans and corn. Trans of the ASAE 28: 1731 – 1735.
Richard M. Cruse and Perez-Bidegain M,2005. Conservation Tillage Management Effects on Corn and Soybean Production. Final report. Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship.
 Touchton  JT  and Johnson JW, 1982. Soybean tillage and planting  method on yield of double – cropped wheat and soybeans. Agronomic Journal 24: 57–59. 
Turman PC, Wiebold WJ, Wrather JA and Tracy PW,1995. Effect of planting date and tillage system on soybean root growth Journal Plant Nutrition 18:  2579-2594.
Vetsch JA and Randall GW. 2002. Corn production as affected by tillage system and starter fertilizer. Agronomic Journal 94: 532-540.
 
Water and Soil Science
Volume 27, Issue 1
June 2017
Pages 17-27

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics