کاربرد مقاومت روزنه‌ای، دمای پوشش سبز و شاخص تنش آبی محصول در تعیین زمان آبیاری ذرت

نویسنده

گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی حد مجاز جذب آب توسط گیاه ذرت در مراحل مختلف رشد و برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری، پژوهشی در دانشگاه‌ بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره) به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. در تیمار شاهد نیاز آبی گیاه به‌طور کامل تأمین شد. اما تیمارهای تنش شامل اعمال تنش آبی (تا نقطه‌ی پژمردگی موقت)، در مراحل مختلف رشد 6 برگی، 12 برگی، گل‌دهی و خمیری شدن دانه‌ها بود. در زمان اعمال تنش، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، دمای پوشش سبز و پارامترهای هواشناسی اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس پاسخ پارامترهای گیاهی به تنش آبی، مقادیر آب سهل‌الوصول (RAW) و شاخص تنش آبی محصول (CWSI) تعیین شد. مقدار RAW و CWSI در مراحل رشد 6 برگی، 12 برگی، گل‌دهی و خمیری شدن دانه به‌ترتیب برابر با 45، 66، 61 و 70 درصد و 37/0، 54/0، 63/0 و 47/0 محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد حساسیت گیاه به تنش آبی، در مراحل مختلف رشد ذرت متفاوت بود. به‌طوری‌که مرحله‌ی گل‌دهی ذرت، حساس‌ترین مرحله به اعمال تنش آبی بود. لذا بر اساس واکنش‌های گیاهی، زمان شروع تنش آبی گیاه به‌عنوان زمان انجام آبیاری تعیین شد. همچنین با محاسبه حجم دقیق آب مورد نیاز گیاه و اعمال دورهای متغیر آبیاری در مراحل رشد، نیاز آبی گیاه تأمین و از تلفات آبیاری جلوگیری شد. در این شرایط با توجه به حساسیت متفاوت جذب آب در مراحل رشد گیاه، امکان افزایش بهره‌وری مصرف آب فراهم شد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of the Stomatal Resistance, Canopy Temperature and Crop Water Stress Index in Determining of Maize Irrigation Time

نویسنده [English]

  • reza saeidi
Dept of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the water uptake limit of maize at different growth stages and scheduling the irrigation time, research was conducted in Imam Khomeini International University as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. In the control treatment, the water requirement of the plant was supplied. But stress treatments included applying water stress (up to the temporary wilting point), at growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering and seeds doughing. In the period of water stress, stomatal resistance, canopy temperature and meteorological parameters were measured. Based on the response of crop parameters to water stress, the readily available water (RAW) and crop water stress index (CWSI) were determined. The amount of RAW and CWSI at the 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering and doughing stages, were calculated equal to 45, 66, 61 and 70 percent and 0.37, 0.54, 0.63, and 0.47, respectively. The results showed that crop sensitivity to water stress, was different at maize growth stages. The flowering stage of maize was the most sensitive stage to water stress. Therefore, based on crop response, the irrigation time was determined at the time of water stress. Also, by calculating the exact volume of water required and applying variable irrigation intervals during growth stages, the crop water requirement to be supplied and irrigation losses were prevented. Under these conditions, due to the different sensitivity of water absorption at growth stages, it was possible to increase the water productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop responses
  • readily available water
  • Sensitivity of growth stages
  • Soil moisture
  • Water requirement

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 32، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 159-175

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