Zinc Immobilization in Two Zn-Spiked Soils

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

         Chemical immobilization is an operative approach to reduce detrimental effects of heavy metals in soils. The present study was conducted to test the usefulness of this procedure to decrease soluble and DTPA-extractable Zn in two Zn-spiked (addition of 200 mg Zn kg–1soil from zinc sulfate and incubation for two weeks at 25±1ºC) acid and alkaline soils. In order to study the effect of submergence, two Zn-spiked acid and alkaline soils under two moisture conditions (field capacity [FC] and submergence [S], with and without 50 g cow manure/kg soil [M]) were incubated for one month. Results showed that S+M treatment caused a markedly decrease in soluble and DTPA-extractable Zn in both alkaline (97 and 75%, respectively) and acid (85 and 78%, respectively) soils. To evaluate the effect of phosphate amendments, 5 g P/kg soil from various sources (Ca(H2PO4)2.H20, Ca3(PO4)2, H3PO4, K2HPO4 and KH2PO4) was added to the Zn-spiked acid soil. Results showed that the K2HPO4 treatment caused a markedly decrease in soluble Zn (88%). Neverthless DTPA-extractable Zn decreased (12.5%) in Ca3(PO4)2 treatment. In another experiment the addition of calcium carbonate to acid soil (10 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil) caused a markedly decrease in soluble and DTPA-extractable Zn (97 and 43%, respectively).

Keywords

References

اوستان ش، 1383. شیمی خاک با نگرش زیست محیطی (ترجمه). انتشارات دانشگاه تبریز.
توفیقی ح و نجفی ن ، 1380. بررسی تغییرات بازیافت و قابلیت استفاده روی خاک و روی اضافه شده به خاک در شرایط غرقابی و غیر غرقابی در خاک­های شالیزاری شمال ایران. صفحه های 382  تا 384. مجموعه مقالات هفتمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران. 7-4 شهریور، دانشگاه شهر کرد شهرکرد، ایران.
AdrianoDC, 2001. Trace Elements inTerrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metals. 2nd ed. Springer, New York.
AdrianoDC, Wenzel WW, Vangronsveld J and Bolan NS, 2004. Role of assisted nautral remediation in environmental cleanup. Geoderma 122:121-142.
Alloway BJ, 1990. Heavy Mmetals in Soils. John Wiley and Sons,  New York.
BastaNT, Gradwohl R, Snethen KL and Schroder JL, 2001. Chemical immobilisation of lead, zinc and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. Journal of Environmental Quality 30: 1222-1230.
Bolan NS, AdrianoDC, Duraisamy P, Mani A and Arulmozhiselvan K, 2003. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. I. Effect of phosphate addition. Plant and Soil 250: 83-94.
Bouyoucos GJ, 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis os soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.
Brown S, Christensen B, Lombi E, McLaughlin M, McGrath S, Colpaert J, and Vangronsveld J, 2005. An inter-laboratory study to test the ability of amendments to reduce the availability of Cd, Pb and Zn in situ. Environmental Pollution 138: 34-45.
Brown PH, Dunemann L, Schulz R, and Marschner H, 1989. Influence of redox potential and plant species on uptake of nickel and cadmium from soils. Pflanzenernahr Bodenk 152: 85-91.
Cao XC, Ma LQ, Chen M, Singh SP and Harrisa WG, 2003. Phosphate-induced metal immobilization in a contaminated site. Environmental Pollution 122: 19-28.
Charlatchka R and Cambier P, 2000. Influence of reducing conditions on solubility of trace metals in contaminated soils. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 118: 143-168.
Chen SB, Zhua YG and Mab YB, 2006. The effect of grain size of rock phosphate amendment on metal immobilization in contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 134: 74-79.
Chen Sh, Xu M, Ma Y and Yang J, 2007. Evaluation of different phosphate amendments on availability of metals in contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 67: 278-285.
Chlopecka A and AdrianoDC, 1996. Mimicked in situ stabilization of metals in a cropped soil: bioavailability and chemical form of zinc. Environmental Science & Technology 30: 3294-3303.
Cunningham JD, Keeney DR and Ryan JA, 1975. Phytotoxicity and uptake of metals added to soils as inorganic salts or in sewage sludge. Journal Environmental Quality 4: 460-463.
Diez M, Simon M, Garcia I and Martin F, 2009. Assessment of the critical load of trace elements in soils polluted by pyrite tailing. A laboratory experiment. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 199:381-387.
Datta D, Mandal B and Mandal LN, 1989. Decrease in availability of zinc and copper in acidic to near neutral soils on submergence. Soil Science 147: 187-195.
Foth HD,1990.Fundamentals of Soil Science. John Wiley and Sons,  New York
Gastaldi P, Santona L and Melis P,2005. Heavy metals immobilization by chemical amendments in a polluted soil and influence on white lupin growth. Chemosphere 60: 365-371.
Guillard D and Lewis AE, 2002. Optimisation of nickel hydroxycarbonate precipitation using a laboratory pellet reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41: 3110-3114.
Haldar M and Mandal LN, 1979. Influence of soil moisture regims and organic matter application on the extractable Zn and Cu content in rice soils. Plant and Soil 23: 203-213.
Hettiarachchi GM, Pierzynski GM and Ransom MD, 2000. In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorous and manganese oxide. Environmental Science and Technology 34: 4614-4619.
Houba VJG, Temminghoff EJM, Gaikhorst GA and Van Vark W, 2000. Soil analysis procedures using 0.01 M calcium chloride as extraction reagent. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 31:1299-1396.
Howari F and Garmoon H, 2003. The relation between groundwater flow and heavy metals co-precipitation with calcium carbonate: a remediation approach. Seattle Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America Abstracts, 35: 186-193.
Iwegbue CMA, Nwajei GE and Osakwe SA, 2005. Recycling waste in agriculture: Efficacy of composting in ameliorating trace metal availability and soil borne pathogens. European Journal of Scientific Research 11: 572-577.
Jacob DL and Otte ML, 2004. Long-term effects of submergence and wetland vegetation on metals in a 90-year old abandoned Pb-Zn mine tailings pond. Environmental Pollution 130: 337-345.
Kabata-Pendias A and Pendias H,1992. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Kashem MA and Singh BR, 2001. Metal availability in contaminated soils: I. Effects of flooding and organic matter on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cd, Ni and Zn. Nut. Cycl. Agroecosystems 61:247-255.
Kumpiene J, Lagerkvist A and Maurice C, 2008. Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments – A review. Waste Management 28: 215-225.
Lee M, Paik IS, Kim I, Kang H and Lee S, 2007. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated groundwater originated from abandoned mine using lime and calcium carbonate. Journal of Hazardous Materials 144: 208-214.
Li YJ, Zeng XP and Liu YF, 2003. study on the treatment of copper-electroplating wastewater by chemical trapping and flocculation. Sep Purif Technol 31: 91-95.
Lindsay W L, 1979. ChemicalEequilibria in Soils. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Lindsay WL and Norvell, WA, 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 421-428.
Ma QY, Logan TJ, Traina SJ and Ryan JA, 1994. Effects of aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni and Zn on Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environ Sci Technol 28: 1219-1228.
Mandal LN, Dutta D and Mandal B, 1992. Availability of zinc in submerged soil and zinc nutrition of rice. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 40: 119-124.
McBrideMB, 1994. Environmental Chemistry of Soils. OxfordUniversity Press, New York, NY.
McGowen S L, BastaNT and Brown GO, 2001. Use of diammonium phosphate to reduce heavy metal solubility and transport in smelter-contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 30: 493-500.
McLean EO, 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Pp. 199-224. In: Page AL, Miller, RH and Keeny, DR(Eds): Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Second edition. America Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Naidu R, Kookana R, Sumner ME, Harter RD and Tiller KG, 1996. Cadmium adsorption and transport in variable charge soils. A review. Journal of Environmental Quality 26:602-617.
Nelson W and Sommers L, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pp. 535-581. In: Page, AL, Keeny, DR, (eds). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2.Chemical and microbiological properties. Second edition. America Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Pedersen, TF, Mueller B, McNee JJ and Pelletier CA, 1993. The early diagenesis of submerged sulphide-rich mine tailing in Anderson Lake, Manitoba. Canad J Earth Sci 30: 1099-1109.
Raicevic S, Perovic V and Zouboulis AI, 2009. Theoretical assessment of phosphate amendments for stabilization of (Pb+Zn) in polluted soil. Waste Management 29: 1779-1784.
 Reyhanitabar A,  Karimian N,  Ardalan M,  Savaghebi G, Ghannadha  M,2007. Comparison of five adsorption isotherms for prediction of zinc retention in calcareous soils and the relationship of their coefficients with soil characteristics. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38: 147 - 158.
Richards LA, 1954. Diagnoses and Improvement of Saline and Alkali soils. USDA Handbook. 60, WashingtonDC, USA.
Sneddon IR, Orueetxebarria M, Hodson ME, Schofield PF and Valsami-Jones E, 2006. Use of bone meal amendments to immobilise Pb, Zn and Cd in soil: A leaching column study. Environmental Pollution 144: 816-825.
Song YC, Sivakumar S, Nguyen TT, Kim SH and Kim BG, 2009. The immobilization of heavy metals in biosolids using phosphate amendments-Comparison of EPA (6010 and 3051) and selrctive sequential extraction method. Journal of Hazardous Materials 167: 1033-1037.
Speelmans M, Vanthuyne DRJ, Lock K, Hendrickx F, Du LG, Tack FMG and Janssen CR, 2007. Influence of flooding, salinity and inundation time on the bioavailability of metals in wetlands. Science of the Total Environment 380: 144-153.
Sposito G, Lund LJ and Chang AC, 1982. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in solid phases. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46: 260-264.
Van Den Berg GA, Loch JPG and Winkels HJ, 1998. Effect of fluctuating hydrological conditions on the mobility of heavy metals in soils of a freshwater estuary in the Netherlands. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 102: 377-388.
Wang YM, Chen TC, Yeh KJ and Sheu MF, 2001. Stabilization of an elevated heavy metal contaminated site. Journal of Hazardous Materials 88: 63-74.
Yang J, MosbyDE, Casteel SW and Blanchar RW, 2001. Lead immobilization using phosphoric acid in a smelter-contaminated urban soil. Environmental Science and Technology 35: 3553-3559. 
Water and Soil Science
Volume 21, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
November 2011
Pages 75-90

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics