انتخاب مناسب‌ترین تناوب زراعی بر اساس ارزیابی شاخص‌های مختلف کیفیت خاک در حاشیه رود ارس

نویسنده

استادیار، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

ارزیابی کیفیت خاک برای تولید پایدار محصولات کشاورزی ضروری بوده و باید به­تواند اطلاعاتی در ارتباط با تصمیم­گیری ارائه دهد. به این علت شاخص­های کیفیت خاک به­عنوان معیارهای ارزیابی معرفی شده است. این تحقیق به­منظور تعیین تناوب زراعی مناسب براساس شاخص­های مختلف کیفیت خاک در منطقه پارس آباد واقع در استان اردبیل انجام شد. سه قطعه زمین همجوار تحت کشت برنج که کشت دوم آن­ها به­صورت آیش، گندم و شبدر بوده و برای حداقل ۴ سال متوالی تحت این تناوب زراعی قرار داشتند، انتخاب شدند. نمونه­برداری از خاک به­صورت تصادفی و از عمق0 تا 50 سانتی­متری (در هر قطعه ۳۰ نمونه) پس از برداشت کشت دوم انجام گرفت. تحلیل­های آماری بیانگر این است که تمامی متغیرها از توزیع نرمال برخوردار بوده و در بین پارامترهای مختلف واکنش خاک و کربن توده زنده میکروبی به­ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین ضریب تغییرات در سه تناوب انتخابی است. نتایج تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین­ها بیانگر اختلاف معنی­دار بین شاخص­های کیفیت خاک در تناوب­های مختلف زراعی می­باشد. مقدار ماده آلی، نیتروژن کل، تنفس میکروبی، کربن توده زنده میکروبی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها در تناوب برنج-شبدر به­طور معنی­­داری بیشتر از سایر تناوب­ها بود. اما ویژگی­های جرم مخصوص ظاهری و بافت خاک اختلاف معنی­دار در تناوب­های مختلف زراعی نشان نداد. نتایج کلی پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که تناوب زراعی برنج در طولانی مدت با خانواده بقولات مانند شبدر کیفیت خاک را بهبود می­بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of the most Suitable Crop Rotation in Aras River Margin, Based on Assessing Soil Qualitative Indicators

نویسنده [English]

  • M Servati
Assist. Prof., Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab., Urmia University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil quality appraisal is essential for sustainable agricultural production and should provide some information for decision. In this means soil quality indicatorsare introduced as criteria for assessment. This research was conducted to determine a suitable crop rotation system in parsabad region of Ardabil province, based on diffrent soil quality indicators.Three adjacent sites under rice cultivation that their second cultivation were fallow, clover and wheat with at least 4 consecutive years under this crop rotation, were selected. Soil sampling was performed on a random pattern from depth of 0-50 cm (30samples in each plot) after secend cultivation harvest. Statistical results revealed that the frequency distributions of all variables were normal. pH and microbial biomass (C) had the lowestand highestCV among the three selected rotations respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and comparison test revealed that there were significant differences between the soil quality indicators. Organic matter content, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, cation exchange capacity, aggregates’ mean weight diameter and microbial biomass C were significantly greater in Rice-clover rotation systems than those in the other systems. However, bulk density and textural fractions components were not significantly different in the crop rotation systems.Overall results of this research showed that the ricerotation with legumes such as clover over a long time improved the soil quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Parsabad
  • Rice
  • Rotation
  • Soil properties
  • Sustainble agriculture
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