بررسی کیفیت و کمیت آب‌زیرزمینی و ارتباط آن با سازندهای زمین‌شناسی (مطالعه موردی: دشت یزد-اردکان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه اردکان

2 استادیار علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه اردکان

3 استادیار مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشگاه اردکان

4 کارشناس شرکت آب منطقه‌ای یزد

چکیده

این پژوهش به بررسی کیفی و کمی منابع آب­زیرزمینی و ارتباط آنها با سازندهای زمین­شناسی در دشت یزد-اردکان پرداخته است. برای این منظور ابتدا داده­های کیفی آب چاه­های دشت در دو دهه 80 و 90 (قبل و بعد از انتقال آب حوزه زاینده رود به یزد) بررسی شد. سپس نقشه سازندهای موجود در منطقه با استفاده از نقشه­ زمین­شناسی وتصاویرGoogle-Earth   تهیه شد. سپس تیپ آب مشخص و کیفیت آب از نظر کشاورزی و شرب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که دشت مذکور در ناحیه بزرگی از بخش جنوبی و مرکزی آن (ارتفاع کم) دارای تیپ آب کلروره بوده که با توجه به نقشه­های پهنه بندی، تیپ کلروره در دهه­ 90  نسبت به دهه­ 80 گسترش داشته است. نتایج پهنه­بندی داده­های کیفی نشان داد هدایت الکتریکی (EC) از دهه 80 به 90 دارای روند صعودی بوده است و به طور متوسط حدود  dS m-13 افزایش یافته است. همچنین میزان EC از جنوب به سمت شمال دشت در حال افزایش بوده است. نتایج حاصل از پهنه­بندی کمی نشان داد که میزان تراز ارتفاعی آب­زیرزمینی دشت در امتداد جنوب به شمال در حال کاهش است و عمق آب در چاه­ها از دهه 80 به 90 به طور متوسط 10 متر افت داشته است. نتایج نشان داد که چاه­ها بیشتر روی سازندهای آبرفتی قرار دارند. همچنین تحلیل همبستگی درصد وجود سازندها با کیفیت آب­زیرزمینی نشان داد که در سازند­های آهکی (با همبستگی 99/0) انتظار EC بیشتری وجود دارد. برعکس EC کمتر در سنگ اسیدی ولکانیک (با همبستگی 07/0) مشاهده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Quality and Quantity of Groundwater Resources and their Relationship with the Geological Formations (Case Study: Yazd-Ardakan Basin)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Dehghan 1
  • A Azizian 2
  • N Yarami 2
  • M Tazeh 3
  • MA Amirbeygi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Watershed Management, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
2 Assist. Prof. of Water Science and Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
3 Assist. Prof. of Alid Land and Desert Manegment, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran3
4 Regional Water Company of yazd, Yazd, Iran4
چکیده [English]

This research was an attempt to investigate the quality and quantity of groundwater resources in Yazd-Ardakan plain as the biggest watershed in Yazd Province and its relationships with the geological formations. For this purpose, qualitative data of the wells in the plain for the decades of 80 and 90 (according to the Iranian calender for the pre- and post-water transfer from Zayandehroud River to Yazd) were studied. Furthermore, the geological formations map of the region was prepared based on the geological maps and Google-Earth images. Then, the type and facies of water for each well was determined using Aq.QA 1.1 software. The suitability of water usage for agriculture and drinking purposes was also evaluated. Results showed that the chloride type of the groundwater was dominant in the southern and central parts of the watershed and also in 90s rather than 80s. Results of the qualitative zoning showed that the amount of EC was increased as 3 dSm-1 from 80s to 90s. Quantitative zoning of the groundwater showed that the elevation of the water surface decreased toward northern part of the watershed. The water depth in the wells was also decreased on the average of 10 m from 80s to 90s. Results also showed that the wells were dug often on the alluvium formations. Correlation analysis between water quality and frequency percentages of geologic formations revealed that the highest correlation (r=0.99) was observed between calcareous geologic (Ktl) unit and EC of the groundwater; whereas, there was the least correlation between Acidic volcanic rocks (Pc-cr) geologic unit and EC of the groundwater (r=0.07).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geological formations
  • Groundwater resources
  • Water quality and quantity
  • Water type and facies
  • Zoning

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 75-91

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