تأثیر عامل تندی شیب در دقت برآورد هدررفت خاک با نسخه‌های مدل USLE در کشت‌زارهای دیم منطقه نیمه‌خشک زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی دکارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

تندی شیب یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل در فرسایش خاک است که در مدل­های فرسایش خاک مانند معادله جهانی فرسایش خاک (USLE) و نسخه­های آن، به­عنوان عامل تندی شیب (S) بیان شده است. اطلاعات کافی در مورد دقت مدل­های فرسایش خاک در برآورد عامل تندی شیب در کشت‌زارهای دیم منطقه نیمه­خشک وجود ندارد. بنابراین در این پژوهش، شش کشت‌زار دیم با شیب متفاوت (8، 11، 15، 18، 20 و 24 درصد) در منطقه نیمه­خشک زنجان انتخاب و هدررفت خاک در کرت­هایی به ابعاد 5/1 متر ×5/2 متر تحت باران­های طبیعی طی دوره یک سال آبی از مهر 1394 تا پایان شهریور 1395 اندازه­گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، از 82 رخداد بارندگی طی دوره پژوهش فقط 8 رخداد منجر به هدررفت خاک در کرت­ها شدند. عامل تندی شیب بر مبنای نسبت هدررفت خاک از زمین مورد نظر به هدررفت خاک از زمینی با شیب 9 درصد اندازه­گیری شد و با استفاده از مدل­های USLE، RUSLE، USLE-MM و AUSLE  برآورد شد. رابطه­ای قوی بین هدررفت خاک و درصد شیب کشت‌زار مشخص شد (92/0=2R). با افزایش درصد شیب، هدررفت خاک به­شدت افزایش یافت و مقدار عامل تندی شیب (S) برآورد شده با استفاده از مدل­های USLE و USLE-MM به­ترتیب 4 و 15 درصد بیش­تر بود در حالی که مدل­هایAUSLE  و RUSLE به­ترتیب 13 و 10 درصد کم­تر از مقدار مشاهده­ای نشان دادند. این مطالعه بیانگر این است که USLE در مقایسه با نسخه­های اصلاحی آن مدلی مناسب­تر برای برآورد عامل تندی شیب در کشت‌زارهای دیم منطقه نیمه­خشک است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Slope Steepness Factor on Soil Loss Estimation Accuracy of the USLE Model Versions in Semi-arid Rainfed Lands, Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Vaezi 1
  • F Hoseini 2
1 Full Prof., Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agric., University of Zanjan, Iran
2 - M.Sc. Student, Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agric., University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Slope steepness is one of the very important factors in soil erosion which has been defined as slope steepness factor (S) in soil erosion models such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its versions. Sufficient information is not available on the accuracy of the erosion models in estimating the S-factor in semi-arid rainfed lands. Therefore, in this study, six rainfed lands with 8, 11, 15, 18, 20 and 24% slopes were selected in a semi-arid region of Zanjan and soil loss was measured at 1.5 m × 2.5 m plots under natural rainfalls during a-year period from early October 2015 to end of September 2016. Based on the obtained results, eight rainfalls among 82 rainfall events caused soil loss at the plots during the study period. The S-factor was measured using the ratio of soil loss from the plots to the soil loss from a land with 9% slope and estimated using the USLE, RUSLE, USLE-MM and AUSLE models. A strong relationship was found between soil loss and slope steepness of rainfed land (R2= 0.92). Soil loss increased strongly with increasing the slope steepness and the S-factor values estimated using the USLE and USLE-MM were about 4% and 15% higher than the measured value, respectively. The AUSLE and RUSLE showed about 13% and 10% lower estimations than the measured ones, respectively. This study revealed that the USLE is more sutible model than the other models to estimate the S-factor in the semi-arid rainfed lands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural rainfall
  • Slope gradient
  • Standard plot
  • Erosion plot
  • Soil loss
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