اثر قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار بر گیاه‌پالایی سرب توسط سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

          همزیستی گیاه با قارچ­های میکوریز آربوسکولار در خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین می­تواند رشد، تغذیه و مقاومت گیاه به فلزات سنگین را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و نقش مهمی در گیاه­پالایی داشته باشد. در این تحقیق تأثیر همزیستی با دو گونۀ قارچ گلوموس اینترارادیسز و گلوموس موسه بر جذب و انتقال سرب در گیاه سورگوم در شرایط گلخانه­ای بررسی گردید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح طرح پایۀ کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح سرب (صفر، 200، 400 و 600 میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک) و سه تیمار قارچ (دو گونۀ میکوریز و شاهد غیرمیکوریز) با چهار تکرار انجام شد. برای ایجاد تیمارهای سرب از نمک نیترات سرب استفاده شد. تلقیح گیاهان با هر دو گونۀ قارچی­ انتقال سرب به بخش هوایی را به­طور معنی­داری کاهش داد. همزیستی با قارچ گلوموس اینترارادیسز سبب افزایش وزن خشک بخش هوایی در سطح 200 میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک و افزایش وزن خشک ریشه در سطوح 400 و 600 میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی گردید ولی اثر معنی­داری بر سایر پارامتر­های رشد نداشت. در سطوح بالای سرب، همزیستی با قارچ گلوموس موسه سبب کاهش معنی­دار (p<0.05) وزن تر و خشک گیاه، سطح برگ و شاخص کلروفیل برگ­ها در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی گردید. در سطوح 400 و 600 میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک، نسبت غلظت سرب ریشه به بخش هوایی گیاهان در همزیستی با قارچ گلوموس موسه به­ طور
معنی­داری بیشتر از گیاهان بدون میکوریزی و گیاهان تلقیح شده با گلوموس اپنترارادیسز بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Lead Phytoremediation by Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S Amanifar
  • N Aliasgharzad
  • N Najafi
  • Sh Oustan
  • S Bolandnazar
چکیده [English]

          Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in association with plant roots may affect plant growth, nutrition and tolerance to heavy metals in polluted soils. Therefore, this association can play an important role in phytoremediation. In this study,theeffects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species including Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae, on the uptake and translocation of Pb in sorghum, were investigated under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted as factorial, completely randomized design including four levels of Pb2+ (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg Pb2+ kg-1) and three treatments of fungi (two mycorrhizal fungi species and a non-mycorrhizal plant) with four replications. Lead were added to the pots as Pb(NO3)2.The Results indicated that symbiosis with G. intraradices increased shoot dry weight at 200 and root dry weight at 400 and 600 mg Pb kg-1 compared to the non-mycorrhizal treatment. There were, however, no significant effects on other growth parameters. Both mycorrhizal fungi caused a significant decrease in Pb2+ translocation from the root to the shoot. However, the shoot and root dry weights, leaf area and chlorophyll content in plants inoculated with G. mosseae at higher levels of Pb2+ were considerably (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. At pb levels of 400 and 600 mgkg-1, the ratio of Pb concentration in root to that of shoot in plants inoculated with G. mosseae was significantly (p<0.05) greater than that of plants inoculated with G. intraradices and none inoculated ones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arbuscular mycorrhizae
  • Heavy metal
  • Lead
  • Phytoremediation
  • Sorghum

مراجع

خلدبرین ب و اسلام­زاده ط، 1380. تغذیۀ معدنی گیاهان عالی (ترجمه). در دو جلد. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز.
ملکوتی م ج، 1379. توصیۀ بهینۀ کودی برای محصولات زراعی و باغی. نشریۀ فنی شمارۀ 200. ﻣﺆسسۀ تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشر آموزش کشاورزی.
Aliasgharzadeh N, Saleh Rastin N, Towfighi H and Alizadeh A, 2001. Occurrence of arbuscular  mycorrhizal fungi in salin soils of the Tabriz plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil. Mycorrhiza 11: 119-122.
An YJ, 2006. Assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay. Chemosphere  62:1359-1365.
Andrade SAL, Abreu CA, Abreu MF and Silveria APD, 2004. Influence of lead addition on arbuscular  mycorrhiza and rhizobium symbiosis under soybean plants. Applied Soil Ecology 26: 123-131.
Biro I and Takacs T, 2007. Effects of Glomus mossea strains of different origin on plant macro and micronutrient uptake in Cd polluted and unpolluted soils. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55(2):1-10.
Cassel DK and Nielsen DR, 1986. Field capacity and available water capacity. Pp. 901-926. In: Klute A (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Chao CC and Wang YP, 1990. Effects of heavy metals on the infection of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and the growth of maize. Journal of Agriculture Association 152: 34-45.
Chen X, Wu C, Tang J and Hu S, 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizae enhance metal lead uptake and growth of host plants under sand culture experiment. Chemosphere 60: 665-671.
Citterio S, Prato N, Fumagalli P, Aina R, Massa N, Santagostina A, Sgorbati S and Berta G, 2005. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induces growth and metal accumulation changes in Cannabis sativa L. Chemosphere 59: 21-29.
Cottenie A, 1980. Soil and Plant Testing. FAO Soils Bulletin, No. 38/2.
Gabos MA, Abreu CA  and CoscioneAR, 2009. EDTA assisted phytoremediation of a Pb contaminated soil: Metal leaching and uptake by jack beans. Scientia Agricola 66: 506-514.
Gee GW and Bauder JW, 1986. Particle size analysis. Pp. 383-411. In: Klute A (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Gildon A and Tikner PB, 1983. Interaction of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and heavy metals in plants. The effect of heavy metals on the development of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas. New Phytologist  95: 247-261.
Gonzalez-Chavez MC, Carrillo-Gonzalez R, Wright SF and Nichols K, 2004. The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sequestering potentially toxic elements. Environmental Pollution 130: 317- 323.
Joner EJ and Leyval C, 2001. Time-course of heavy metal uptake in maize and clover as affected by root density and different mycorrhizal inoculation  regimes. Biology and Fertility of Soils 33: 351-357.
Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H, 2000.  Trace Elements in Soil and Plants. 2nd edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Kapoor, A and Viraraghavan T, 1995. Fungal biosorption- an alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewater. Bioresource Technology 53: 195-206.
Khan AG, 2006. Mycorrhizae remediation - an enhanced form of phytoremediation. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity 7: 503-514.
Killham K and Firestone MK, 1982. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal mediation of grass response to acidic and heavy metal depositions. Plant and Soil 72: 39-48.
Knudsen D, Peterson GA and Pratt PF, 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. Pp: 225-246. In: Page AL, (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America. Madison,WI.
Kuper H and Kroneck PMH, 2005. Heavy metal uptake by plants and cyanobacteria. Pp. 97-142. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO, (eds). Metal Ions in Biological Systems. Marcel Dekker Inc. NY. USA.
Lagerwerff  JV, Armiger WH and Specht AW, 1973. Uptake of lead by alfalfa and corn from soil and air. Soil Science 115:455-460.
Leung HM, Ye ZH and Wong MH, 2007. Survival strategies of plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on toxic mine tailings. Chemosphere 66: 905-915.
Lindsay WL and NorvellWA, 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42:421-428.
Mclean EO, 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Pp. 199–223. In: Page AL (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Nelsons BW and Sommers LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pp. 539-579. In: Page AL, (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Norrif IR, Read DJ and VarmaAK, 1992. Methods in Microbiology. Vol 24. Techniques for Study of Mycorrhiza. Academic Press, London.
Olsen SR and Sommers LE, 1982. Phosphorus. Pp. 403-430. In: Page AL (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Patra M, Bhowmic N, Bandopadhyay B and Sharma A, 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52: 199-223.

Pawlowska TE and Charvat I, 2004. Heavy metal stress and development patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 6643-6649.

Rhoades JD, 1986. Soluble salts. Pp.167-179. In: Page AL (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI.
Vogel-Mikus K, Pongrac P, Kump P, Necemer M and Regvar M, 2006. Colonization of Zn, Cd and Pb hyper accumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal  fungal mixture induces changes in heavy metal and nutrient uptake. Environmental Pollution 139:362-371.
Waling  I, VarkWV, Houba VJG and Van der lee JJ, 1989. Soil and Plant Analysis a Series of Syllabi. Part 7. Plant Analysis Procedures. Wageningen Agricultural University.
Weissenhorn I and Leyval C, 1995. Root colonization of maize by a Cd- tolerant Glomus mosseae and cadmium uptake in sand culture. Plant and Soil 175: 233- 238.
Weissnhorn I, Leyval C, Belgg G and Berthelin J, 1995. Arbuscular mycorrhiza contribution to heavy metal uptake by maize(Zea mays L.) in pot culture with contaminated soil. Mycorrhizae 5:245-251.
Wong CC, Wu SC, Kuek C, Khan AG, and Wong MH, 2007. The role of mycorrhizae associated with Vetiver grown in Pb-Zn contaminated soils: Green house study. Restoration Ecology 15:60-67.
دانش آب و خاک
دوره 22، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1391
صفحه 155-170

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار