تغییرات غلظت رسوب و هدررفت خاک‌های مختلف و تغییرات زمانی آن‌ها تحت شرایط متفاوت شیب سطح و شدت بارندگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استاد پژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج و کشاورزی، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی

چکیده

بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فرسایش خاک و تغییرات زمانی آن از پیش‌نیازهای مهم مدیریت منابع آب‌ و خاک است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین حساسیت خاک‌ها به فرسایش آبی و تغییرات زمانی هدر‌رفت خاک در خاک‌های با بافت لوم‌رسی، لوم و لوم‌شنی در شیب‌های مختلف (5، 10، 15، 25 و 30 درجه) تحت باران‌های شبیه‌سازی شده (40، 60 و 80 میلی‌متر در ساعت) بود. آزمایش در ابعاد فلوم (65 سانتی‌متر×160 سانتی‌متر) در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار انجام شد. هدررفت خاک در بازه‌های زمانی 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2، 3، 4، 5، 10، 15، 20، 30، 40، 50 و 60 دقیقه و ادامه تا دست‌یابی به جریان ماندگار رواناب سطحی اندازه‌گیری شد. تفاوت معنی‌داری بین خاک‌ها از نظر هدررفت خاک مشاهده شد (01/0>p). خاک لوم‌رسی، حساس‌ترین خاک به فرآیندهای فرسایشی بود. در این خاک، بخش عمده ذرات فرسایش‌پذیر در زمان‌های اولیه بارندگی فرسایش یافت و با تداوم بارندگی، هدررفت خاک کاهش یافت. هدررفت خاک در خاک‌ها به‌شدت تحت تأثیر شیب سطح و شدت باران قرار گرفت (01/0>p). با افزایش درجه شیب، به دلیل کاهش نگه‌داشت آب باران، رواناب سریع‌تر به وقوع پیوست و هدررفت خاک بیشتر شد. شیب سطح و شدت باران نقشی بارزتر در افزایش هدررفت خاک در بافت لوم‌شنی نشان دادند. نتایج مؤید آن است که حساسیت به فرسایش آبی با تغییر شیب سطح و شدت باران، در خاک‌های فرسایش‌پذیر (ریزبافت) کمتر است و این دو عامل (شیب سطح و شدت باران) بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر هدررفت خاک در خاک‌های مقاوم (درشت‌بافت) می‌گذارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Changes in Sediment Concentration and Soil Loss and Its Temporal Variation in Different Conditions of Slope and Rainfall Intensity

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Kord 1
  • AR Vaezi 2
  • MH Mahdian 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Soil Sci. Depart, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Soil Sci. Depart, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Full Prof., Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ministry of Jihad -Agriculture, Iran
چکیده [English]

            Study of factors that affecting soil erosion and its temporal variation is prerequisitethe for management of soil and water resources. The purpose of This study was to determine susceptibility of soils to erosion and its temporal variations in three soil textures (clay loam, loam and sandy loam) on different slopes (5, 10, 15, 25, and 30 degree) under simulated rainfalls (40, 60 and 80 mm h-1). The experiment done by flume (160 cm × 65 cm) and in a completely randomized design with two replications. Soil losses measured at various times (0/5, 1, 1/5, 2, 3, 4, 5 10, 15, 20, 30, 40,50 and 60 minutes) to achieve steady-state flow of surface runoff. There was a Significant difference between  the soils in  terms of soil loss (p < 0.01). Clay loam was the most susceptible on to soil erosion. In this soil, Most of erodible soil particles eroded by surface runoff at the beginning of rainfall and soil loss decrese with continuing of rain. Soil loss in soils was strongly influenced by slope gradient and rainfall intensity (p < 0. 01). by increasing slope gradient,due to lower rain water retention on the surface, runoff was occurred quickly, and then soil loss increased. in soil loss of sandy loam,Slope steepness and rainfall intensity showed dominant roles in soil losses. The results revealed that in erodible soils, sensitivity to erosion by changing the slope and rain intensity is lower, and these two factors (slope steepness and rainfall intensity) has greatest impact on soil loss in highly resistant soils to erosion .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall simulator
  • Sediment concentration
  • Soil loss
  • Surface runoff

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 30، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 59-73

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