اثرهای نیتروژن و آب آبیاری بر تولید ذرت علوفه‌ای در دو سامانه کشت کم‌خاک‌ورزی و مرسوم

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز.

2 استادیاران بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز

3 مربی پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز.

چکیده

در این تحقیق، با استفاده از طرح آماری بلوک‌های نواری خرد شده و اجرای دو سیستم آبیاری بارانی تک‌شاخه، اثرهای صفر، 90 ، 180 و 270  کیلوگرم نیتروژن از منبع اوره و 9600، 8550، 7500 و 6400 مترمکعب آب در هر هکتار، در دو سامانه خاک‌ورزی مرسوم و کم‌خاک‌ورزی بر روی ذرت (ZeaMays, L.) رقم سینکل کراس 704 مطالعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین میزان کارایی آب، میزان جذب فسفر و عملکرد علوفه دو سامانه خاک‌ورزی وجود نداشت. اثرهای اصلی آبیاری و نیتروژن بر ارتفاع و قطر ساقه‌ها، عملکرد علوفه تر، جذب نیتروژن، فسفر و روی و میزان کربن آلی خاک در سطح احتمال 1 درصد و بر عملکرد علوفه خشک و میزان کارایی مصرف آب در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود. در تمامی سطوح نیتروژن، کارایی زراعی و فیزیولوژیک در خاک‌ورزی مرسوم بیشتر از کم‌خاک‌ورزی بود. مناسب‌ترین مقدار علوفه در خاک‌ورزی مرسوم از کاربرد توام 90 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 8550 مترمکعب آب در هر هکتار و در کم‌خاک‌ورزی از کاربرد توام 270 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 7500 مترمکعب آب در هر هکتار به دست آمد. از لحاظ کارایی مصرف آب، در خاک‌ورزی مرسوم کاربرد توام 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 7500 مترمکعب آب در هر هکتار و در کم‌خاک‌ورزی کاربرد توام 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 6400 مترمکعب آب در هکتار تیمارهای برتر بودند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، می‌توان از روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی بجای روش مرسوم در مزارع ذرت‌کاری مشابه استفاده نمود اما به نیتروژن بیشتر و آب کمتری نیاز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Nitrogen and Irrigation Water on the Silage Corn Production under Minimum Tillage and Conventional Tillage Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • AH Ziaeian 1
  • A Karami 2
  • gh Moafpourian 3
  • L Jowkar 3
1 Assoc. Prof. of Soil and Water Res. Dept. Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz.
2 Assist. Prof. of Soil and Water Res. Dept. Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz.
3 Coach of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Shiraz.
چکیده [English]

In this research, using a split-block design and implementing two single-line source sprinkler systems, effects of 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N/ha as urea source and 9600, 8550, 7500 and 6400 m3/ha of irrigation water on silage corn (Zea Mays L.), S.C. 704 variety in two conventional and minimum-tillage systems were studied. The results showed that there was not a significant difference between water use efficiency, phosphorous uptake and foliages yield of two tillage systems. The main effects of water and nitrogen on the stems height and diameter, fresh foliage yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc uptake and the amounts of soil organic carbon were significant at 1% level and on the dry foliage yield and water use efficiency were significant at 0.05% level. At all levels of nitrogen, agronomic and physiological efficiencies in conventional tillage were higher than those in minimum-tillage system. The optimum amount of foliage yield in conventional tillage system was obtained from combined application of 8550 m3/ha water and 90 kg N/ha and in minimum tillage was obtained from combined application of 7500 m3/ha irrigation water and 270 kg N/ha. In terms of water use efficiency, in conventional tillage, combined application of 180 kg N/ha and 7500 m3/ha of water and in minimum tillage combined application of 180 kg N/ha and 6400 m3/ha of irrigation water were superior treatments. Based on obtained results, minimum-tillage system can be used instead of the conventional system in the similar corn fields but more nitrogen and less water is required.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • irrigation
  • Nitrogen
  • Tillage

مراجع

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 28، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 43-56

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