بررسی تغییرات کیفیت خاک در پوشش‌های مختلف جنگلی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استاد گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

  این بررسی به­منظور تعیین و مقایسه شاخص کیفیت خاک در پوشش­های مختلف اراضی شامل 3 توده­ جنگلکاری (توسکا ییلاقی، صنوبردلتوئیدس و دارتالاب) و یک توده­ آمیخته­طبیعی (بلوط- ممرز- انجیلی) واقع در مرکز بذر جنگلی خزر آمل انجام گرفت. در هر یک از توده­ها، در طول 4 ترانسکت خطی 200 متری، 4 نمونه خاک (ابعاد20×20 سانتی­متر تا عمق 10 سانتی­متری) با فاصله­های 60 متر از یکدیگر برداشت و در مجموع از هر عرصه جنگلی 16 نمونه تهیه شد. ویژگی­های خاک شامل چگالی ظاهری، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، نیترات، آمونیوم، جمعیت کرم خاکی و تنفس میکروبی در محیط آزمایشگاه اندازه­گیری و در نهایت با استفاده از مقادیر به دست آمده، سرعت معدنی شدن کربن و همچنین شاخص کیفیت خاک در هر یک از توده­های ­مورد مطالعه محاسبه شد. آزمون تجزیه واریانس ویژگی­های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی  خاک تقاوت­های آماری معنی­داری را در سطح 99 درصد در بین توده­های جنگلی مختلف نشان داد. مقادیر شاخص کیفیت خاک به­طور معنی­دار (در سطح 95 درصد) در توده­ توسکا ییلاقی بیشترین (84/5)  را به خود اختصاص داد، سایر توده­ها صنوبر دلتوئیدس، آمیخته طبیعی و دارتالاب به­ترتیب با شاخص کیفیت 26/5، 66/4 و40/4 در رده­های بعدی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بیان­گر نقش بسیارمؤثر پوشش جنگلی توسکا ییلاقی در افزایش کیفیت اکوسیستم خاک می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Soil Quality Changes in Different Forests Covers

نویسندگان [English]

  • F Rostayee 1
  • Y Kooch 2
  • SM Hosseini 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Dept. of Forestry., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Department of Rangeland., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Forestry., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
چکیده [English]

The current study is conducted to identify and compare soil quality index in different land covers including three afforestation masses (Alnus subcordata, Populus deltoids a Taxodium distichum) and a natural mixed stand (Quercus, Carpinus betulus, Parrotia persica) located in Caspian forest seed center (Amol Province). In each of the masses, along four 200-meter transects, four soil samples (with a 20×20 m2 quadratic sampler with 10 cm depth) at 60-m intervals were taken. A total of 16 samples were collected from each forest. The soil properties including bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, papulation of earthworms, and soil microbial respiration were measured in vitro. Finally, using the obtained values, rate of mineralization of the soil carbon, as well as the soil quality index were measured for each of the studied masses. ANOVA analysis of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil samples, taken from different forest stands, indicated significant statistical difference between them at level of 99%. Alnus Subcordata significantly showed the highest soil quality index (5.84 at 95%). Other masses, i.e. Populus deltoids, natural mixed, and Taxodium with quality indices values of 5.26, 4.66, and 4.40, respectively, were the next ones in the categories. The results indicated the very effective role of Alnus Subcordata forest cover in improving the quality of soil ecosystem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broad-leaved
  • Carbon mineralization rate
  • Needle-leaved
  • N-fixing
  • Plantation
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