تغییرات روابط آبی و شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی نهال زیتون رقم زرد در پاسخ به شوری آب آبیاری و تراکم خاک

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

5 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

پاسخ نهال­های زیتون رقم زرد (Olea europaea L. cv. Zard) به سطوح مختلف شوری آب آبیاری و تراکم خاک در رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه، در گلخانه بررسی شد. خاکی با بافت شن لومی رد شده از الک 76/4 میلی­متری به نحوی داخل استوانه­هایی از جنس پی­وی­سی با قطر 15 سانتی­متر ریخته شد که سطوح مختلف تراکم در آن­ها ایجاد گردد. نهال­های یکساله ریشه­دار زیتون به استوانه­ها انتقال داده شدند و پس از استقرار نهال­ها، با آب­هایی با هدایت الکتریکی مختلف به مدت پنج ماه و هر سه روز یک­بار، آبیاری شدند. برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال ها اندازه­گیری شد. با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری میزان تعرق، هدایت روزنه­ای، سرعت فتوسنتز، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پتانسیل آب ساقه، اختلاف دمای برگ با محیط و شاخص کلروفیل به خاطر حفظ آب در بافت­های گیاه، کاهش یافتند، کارآیی لحظه­ای مصرف آب، نشت یونی و غلظت سدیم به دلیل کاهش تعرق و عکس­العمل ساز و کارهای تحمل به شوری، افزایش یافتند. با افزایش تراکم خاک محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پتانسیل آب ساقه و اختلاف دمای برگ با محیط به دلیل کاهش جذب آب کاهش یافتند. شاخص­های فتوسنتزی نهال زیتون رقم زرد در هدایت الکتریکی بیشتر از 8 دسی­زیمنس بر متر بطور معنی­داری کاهش نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in Water Relations and Photosynthetic Indices of Olive Self-Rooted Cuttings of Zard cv. in Response to Irrigation Water Salinity and Soil Compaction

نویسندگان [English]

  • T Khoshzaman1 1
  • A Golchin 2
  • M Taheri 3
  • D Zarehaghi 4
  • M Azimi 5
1 Ph. D. Student of Soil Physics and Conservation, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agric., University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Facaulty of Agric., University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Scientific Board Member, Soil and Water Research Department, Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran
4 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agric., University of Tabriz, Iran
5 Scientific Board Member, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Responses of olive self-rooted cuttings of Zard cultivar (Olea europaea L. cv. Zard) to different levels of soil compaction and irrigation water salinity at the field capacity under greenhouse condition were studied. A loamy sand soil passed through a 4.76mm sieve, was poured into the PVC cylinders with diameter of 15cm and then they were compacted to be achieved the desired compaction levels. One-year-old rooted olive cuttings were transplanted into the PVC cylinders. After stabilization of cuttings, cylinders were irrigated by waters having different electrical conductivities at three days intervals, for five months. Some morphological and physiological properties of the olive plants were measured. As the salinity levels of irrigation water increased transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, relative water content, water potential of stem, temperature difference between leaf and the environment and chlorophyll index decreased, for preserving plant internal water balance. Instantaneous WUE, electrolyte leakage and Na concentration of leaves increased as the salinity levels of irrigation water increased because of the decrease in transpiration and due to the plant’s salinity tolerance mechanisms. The relative water content of leaf, water potential of stem and temperature difference between leaf and environment decreased as the soil compaction increased due to decrease in water uptake. Photosynthetic indices of olive cuttings of Zard cultivar significantly decreased beyond the EC of 8 dS m-1.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive
  • Photosynthesis
  • Salinity stress
  • Soil compaction
  • Water relations of plant and soil

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دانش آب و خاک
دوره 28، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 165-178

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